Maternal anemia is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Mbarara, Uganda

Figures & data

Table 1. Maternal demographics.

	Hb < 10 g/dl, n= 17	Hb ≥ 10 g/dl, n= 335	p Value
Age in years, mean (SD)	27.0 (5.2)	26.5 (5.7)	.74
Parity, median (IQR)	3 (3–4)	3 (2–4)	.68
Married, n (%)	12 (70.6%)	305 (91.0%)	.02
Monthly income in US dollars, mean (SD)	69.22 (39.83)	62.64 (68.93)	.79
Completed at least primary school, n (%)	9 (52.9%)	136 (40.6%)	.80
Attended 4 or more antenatal care visits, n (%)	9 (52.9%)	214 (63.9%)	.44
HIV-positive, n (%)	14 (82.4%)	162 (48.4%)	.01
Malaria rapid diagnostic test positive, n (%)	1 (5.9%)	41 (12.2%)	.71
Syphilis rapid diagnostic test positive, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	13 (3.9%)	1.00
Micronutrient supplementation (folate, iron), n (%)	11 (64.7%)	231 (69%)	.79
Tobacco use, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.3%)	1.00

Table 2. Obstetric outcomes.

	Hb < 10 g/dl, n= 17	Hb ≥ 10 g/dl, n= 335	p Value
Hb (g/dl), mean (SD)	8.5 (1.2)	13.0 (1.4)	<.001
Gestational age at delivery weeks, mean (SD)	39.0 (1.7)	38.9 (3.6)	.86
Cesarean delivery, n (%)	7(41.2%)	107 (31.9%)	.43
Post-partum or peripartum-hemorrhage (PPH), n (%)	0 (0.0%)	11 (3.3%)	.43
Blood transfusion, n (%)	2 (11.8%)	5 (1.5%)	.004
Intensive care unit transfer, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	–
Postpartum fever, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.3%)	.96
Maternal death, n (%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	–

Table 3. Neonatal and placental outcomes.

	Hb < 10 g/dl, n= 17	Hb ≥ 10 g/dl, n= 335	p Value
Birthweight (g), mean (SD)	3112 (492)	3208 (447)	.39
Umbilical cord Hb (g/dl), mean (SD)	15.2 (1.5)	15.1 (2.1)	.98
1-minute APGAR, mean (SD)	7.9 (2.7)	8.3 (1.6)	.46
5-minute APGAR, mean (SD)	8.7 (2.8)	9.5 (1.5)	.05
Stillbirth	1 (5.9%)	6 (6.8%)	.24
Neonatal death	2 (11.8%)	9 (2.7%)	.04
Placental weight (g)	444 (85)	458 (101)	.58
Placental thickness (cm)	1.4 (0.6)	1.7 (0.5)	.04