Pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: experience from a Caribbean center

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics.

Maternal baseline characteristics (N = 56)
Mean ± SD, unless specified
Age at conception (y)	28.4 ± 5.8
SLE duration (y)(n = 55)	5.4 ± 4.7
Gravidity/ Median[IQR]	2.6 [7]
Parity/ Median[IQR]	1.0 [6]
Gestational age at referral (wks)	14.6 ± 6.7
Gestational age at booking (wks)	15.1 ± 6.3
Booking systolic blood pressure(mm/Hg)	116 ± 11.6
Booking diastolic blood pressure(mm/Hg)	72 ± 15.3
Body mass index (kg/m^2) (n = 34)	28.5 ± 7.0
Medication use during pregnancy(N = 56)	n (%)
None	17 (30.4)
Prednisone	38 (67.9)
Hydroxychloroquine	16 (28.6)
Azathioprine	3 (5.3)
Methotrexate	1 (1.8)
Mode of delivery (N = 53)
Vaginal delivery	39
Cesarean Section delivery	14
Fetal outcomes of live births
Number of live births	48
Gestational age at birth(weeks)	36 ± 2.7
Birth weight (kg)	2.68 ± 0.65
1-minute Apgar	8.3 ± 1.22
5-minute Apgar	9.0 ± 0.46
Laboratory results
ANA positive	15/24
dsDNA positive	5/23
Anti-Ro positive	4/22
Lupus anticoagulant positive	0/15
Anticardiolipin positive	3/10
C3 decreased	3/21
C4 decreased	2/14
Urea elevated	1/46
Creatinine elevated	1/44
24-hour urine protein >300mg/day	5/18
Abnormal urine cast	1/8

IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.

Table 2. Maternal and fetal outcome.

Contributing factors to adverse outcomes correlation analysis
	Maternal		Fetal/neonatal
	Spearman’s Rho	p	Spearman’s Rho	p
Age at conception	–0.08	0.579	0.10	0.452
Duration SLE	0.08	0.546	0.03	0.834
BMI	0.14	0.431	–0.30	0.088
On Prednisone	0.16	0.268	0.38	0.004
On HCQ	–0.08	0.579	0.17	0.209
Logistic Regression Analysis for adverse outcome by medication
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p
On Prednisone^b	2.36 (0.52 − 10.78)	0.269	5.63 (1.63 − 19.42)*	0.006
On HCQ^b	0.64 (0.13 − 3.06)	0.573	2.20 (0.65 − 7.49)	0.207

^aReason for hospitalization was missing from files; ^bReference – participants who were not prescribed the drug; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; HDP: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; SCN: Special Care Nursery; BMI: Body mass index; TOP – termination of pregnancy.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, TH, upon request.