Does neonatal resuscitation associated with neonatal death in low-resource settings? A follow-up study

Figures & data

Table 1. Obstetric characteristics of mothers of neonates admitted to the NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Family residence	Urban	241	42.65
	Rural	324	57.35
Parity	Primipara	172	30.40
	Multipara	289	51
	Grand multipara	104	18.40
Gravidity	Primi-gravida	168	29.70
	Pregnancy two	111	19.65
	≥3 Pregnancy	284	50.20
Onset of labor	Induced	41	7.26
	Spontaneous	524	92.74
Duration of Labor	≤ 6 h	195	36.40
	7-12 h	253	47.20
	>12 h	87	16.20
Mode of Delivery	Spontaneous Vaginal delivery	496	87.79
	Instrumental	8	1.42
	Cesarean section	61	10.80

Table 2. Characteristics of neonates admitted to NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Age	< 7 days	303	53.63
	≥ 7 days	262	46.37
Sex	Male	339	60
	Female	226	40
Gestational age	< 37 weeks	355	62.83
	≥ 37 weeks	210	37.7
APGAR score at 5^th minutes	< 5	193	51.47
	≥ 5	182	48.53
Weight of Neonate at admission	< 2500 g	211	37.35
	≥ 2500 g	354	62.65
Temperature of neonates at admission	< 36.5 °C	406	71.86
	≥ 36.5 °C	159	28.14
Early Initiation of breastfeeding	Within 1 h	253	44.78
	After 1 h	312	55.22
Resuscitated	Yes	91	16.11
	No	474	83.89

Table 3. Incidence of neonatal mortality admitted to NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo general hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.

Variables	Category	Neonatal days	Number of events	Rate (95% CI)
Total neonatal days		3124	54	0.02(0.01, 0.02)
Sex	Male	1869	32	0.02(0.01, 0.02)
	Female	1255	22	0.02(0.01, 0.03)
Neonatal age	< 7 days	1071	34	0.03(0.02, 0.04)
	≥ 7 days	1994	20	0.01(0.01, 0.01)
Residence	Urban	1292	18	0.01(0.01, 0.01)
	Rural	1832	36	0.02(0.01, 0.03)
5^th minutes Apgar score	< 5 score	515	14	0.03(0.02, 0.04)
	≥ 5 score	2609	40	0.02(0.01, 0.02)
Initiation of exclusive breast feeding	Within 1 h	1283	4	0.003(0.001, 0.01)
	After 1 h	1841	50	0.02(0.01, 0.02)
Resuscitated	No	2624	33	0.01(0.01, 0.02)
	Yes	500	21	0.04(0.03, 0.06)
Weight at admission	< 2500 g	1223	27	0.02(0.01, 0.03)
	≥ 2500 g	1901	27	0.01(0.01, 0.02)

Figure 1. Probability of survival estimate of neonates admitted to NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 (n = 565).

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of time to death among exposed and unexposed neonates admitted to NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 (n = 565).

Table 4. Predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabelo General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 (n = 565).

		Survival status
Variable	Category	Died(n)	Censored (n)	CHR 95% CI	AHR 95% CI
Neonatal age	<7 days	34	269	6.65 (3.10, 14.27)	9.17(4.17, 20.14)**
	≥7 days	20	242	1	1
Mode of delivery	SVD	52	444	1	1
	Instrumental	2	67	0.28(0.07, 1.16)	0.36 (0.09, 1.55)
Place of delivery	Home	28	162	2.19(1.28, 3.75)	2.48(1.37, 4.47)**
	Health facility	26	349	1	1
Temperature at Admission	<36.5 °C	30	129	3.38(1.96, 5.84)	2.14(1.19, 3.83)*
	≥36.5 °C	24	382	1	1
Pregnancy complication	Yes	7	38	1.67 (0.75, 3.71)	1.86(0.76,4.54)
	No	47	473	1	1
Time breastfeeding initiated	Within 1 h	4	249	1	1
	After 1 h	50	262	8.69(3.13,24.11)	6.46(2.24,18.59)
ANC follow up	Yes	10	158	1	1
	No	44	407	1.66(0.83,3.30)	1.72(0.82,3.62)
Resuscitation	Yes	21	70	3.46(2.00,6.01)	2.15(1.20,3.83)**
	No	33	441	1	1
Neonate weight	≥2500g	27	327	1	1
	<2500g	27	184	1.53(0.90,2.62)	0.94(0.53,1.69)

SVD: Spontaneous vaginal delivery; CHR: crude hazard ratio; AHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval *p-value <0.05 **p-value < 0.01.

Data availability statement

All data analyzed during this study are included in the manuscript.