Association between circulating unsaturated fatty acid and preeclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Figures & data

Figure 1. A directed acyclic graph for Mendelian randomization analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with unsaturated fatty acids were screened as IVs. SNPs associated with body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and systolic blood pressure were removed to reduce the bias caused by confounders.

Figure 2. Results of MR analyses conducted to estimate potential associations between circulating unsaturated fatty acids and preeclampsia.

Figure 3. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis of the causal effect of circulating UFA on PE. (A) MUFA; (B) rMUFA; (C) PUFA; (D) rPUFA; (E) rP/MUFA.

Table 1. Heterogeneity testing using the Cochrane Q statistic.

Methods	Q	df	p Value
MR Egger
Monounsaturated fatty acids	82.20502	70	0.151
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	79.66365	70	0.201
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	68.05446	64	0.341
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	60.43939	58	0.388
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids	52.80343	46	0.228
Inverse variance weighted
Monounsaturated fatty acids	82.62223	71	0.163
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	79.97940	71	0.218
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	69.52511	65	0.328
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	60.48815	59	0.422
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids	53.50312	47	0.234

Figure 4. MR-Egger intercept analysis to analyze horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs. (A) MUFA; (B) rMUFA; (C) PUFA; (D) rPUFA; (E) rP/MUFA.

Table 2. MR-Egger intercept analysis to analyze horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs.

Exposure	Egger_intercept	SE	p
Monounsaturated fatty acids	0.00418	0.00702	0.553
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	0.00379	0.00720	0.600
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	0.00921	0.00783	0.244
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	−0.00165	0.00765	0.829
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated	0.00701	0.00898	0.439

Table 3. Pleiotropy testing using MR-PRESSO.

Exposure	MR analysis	Casual estimate	Sd	T-Sat	p Value	RSSobs of Global Test in MR-PRESSO results	p Value of Global Test in MR-PRESSO results
Monounsaturated fatty acids	Raw	0.083	0.077	1.082	0.283	84.70806	0.1699
	Outlier-corrected	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	Raw	0.128	0.068	1.890	0.063	83.96637	0.2131
	Outlier-corrected	NA	NA	NA	NA
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	Raw	0.038	0.070	0.546	0.587	71.55683	0.3353
	Outlier-corrected	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids	Raw	−0.199	0.076	−2.611	0.011	63.63063	0.4216
	Outlier-corrected	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids	Raw	−0.201	0.102	−1.959	0.056	56.87979	0.2430
	Outlier-corrected	NA	NA	NA	NA

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.