Cooling treatment on the reduction of category II fetal tracings

Figures & data

Figure 1. The flow chart of the study.

Table 1. Maternal demographic and clinical characteristics.

Indicators		Control-group (n = 99)	Oxygen-group (n = 101)	t/x^2/Z	p Value
Maternal type [n(%)]	Primipara	82(82.8)	83(82.2)	0.015	0.904
	Multipara	17(17.2)	18(17.8)
Gestational age [M (Q), weeks]		39.51 ± 0.97	39.5 ± 0.86	1.600	0.111
Height [M (Q), cm]		159.33 ± 5.32	160.28 ± 5.17	0.077	0.938
Weight [M (Q), Kg]		64.65 ± 7.57	65.61 ± 8.82	1.276	0.204
BMI [Kg/m^2, M (Q)]		25.49 ± 2.5	25.34 ± 2.87	0.821	0.413
LEA [n(%)]	Yes	99(100.0)	101(100.0)	0.000	1.000
	No	0(0.0)	0(0.0)

BMI: body mass index; LEA: labor epidural analgesia.

p < 0.05 indicates significant between-group difference.

Table 2. Maternal-related outcomes.

Indicators			Control group (n = 99)	Oxygen group (n = 101)	t/x^2/Z	p Value
Duration of fever with temperature ≥38^oC ($\overline{x}\pm s$, min)			144.48 ± 129.42	118.24 ± 100.44	0.483	0.630
Puerperal infection [n (%)]		Yes	8(8.1)	7(6.9)	0.095	0.758
		No	91(91.9)	94(93.1)
First stage of labor [($\overline{x}\pm s$) h]			12.14 ± 4.19	11.42 ± 3.90	1.245	0.215
Second stage of labor [($\overline{x}\pm s$) h]			0.95 ± 0.54	0.95 ± 0.58	0.038	0.970
Third stage of labor [($\overline{x}\pm s$) h]			5.05 ± 4.73	4.81 ± 4.16	0.233	0.816
Delivery outcome [n(%)]		Normal delivery	86(86.9)	91(90.1)	0.847	0.655
		Cesarean section	4(4.0)	2(2.0)
		Forceps delivery	9(9.1)	8(7.9)
Lateral resection [n(%)]		Yes	49(49.5)	63(62.4)	3.367	0.067
		No	50(50.5)	38(37.6)
Manual removal of placenta [n(%)]		No	95(96.9)	97(97.0)	0.001	0.980
		Yes	3(3.1)	3(3.0)
Intrapartum hemorrhage ($\overline{x}\pm s$, ml)			236.31 ± 96.98	239.8 ± 91.05	0.385	0.700
Postpartum hemorrhage [2-h] ($\overline{x}\pm s$, ml)			40.53 ± 38.37	49.59 ± 71.85	0.262	0.793
Category II tracings [n (%)]		No	12(12.1)	26(25.7)	6.027	0.014
		Yes	87(87.9)	75(74.3)
Apgar 1 min ($\overline{x}\pm s$)			9.05 ± 0.58	9.08 ± 0.46	1.116	0.266
Apgar 5 min ($\overline{x}\pm s$)			9.84 ± 0.45	9.82 ± 0.46	0.388	0.698
Apgar 10 min ($\overline{x}\pm s$)			9.97 ± 0.22	9.95 ± 0.33	0.260	0.795
Amniotic fluid [n(%)]	Clean		72(72.7)	69(68.3)	−0.532	0.595
	Bloody		2(2.0)	4(4.0)
	I°		6(6.1)	4(4.0)
	II°		4(4.0)	9(8.9)
	III°		15(15.2)	15(14.9)

p < 0.05 indicates significant between-group difference.

Data availability statement

The data sets generated and analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.