Relationship between serum NLRP3 along with its effector molecules and pregnancy outcomes in women with hyperglycemia

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of clinical data of three groups of pregnant women ($\overline{\chi }$ ± s).

Item	NGT group (n = 123)	GDM group (n = 82)	PGDM group (n = 60)	F value	p Value
Maternal age (year)	30.90 ± 3.17	31.73 ± 3.04	31.80 ± 3.12	0.697	.501
Gravidity (n)	2.37 ± 1.18	2.46 ± 1.16	2.50 ± 1.08	0.096	.908
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m^2)	22.22 ± 1.72	22.40 ± 1.88	23.28 ± 1.79	1.223	.299
Gestational weeks (week)	25.38 ± 0.98	25.40 ± 0.95	25.30 ± 1.12	0.040	.960

Table 2. Comparison of serological indexes among three groups of pregnant women($\overline{\chi }$ ± s).

Item	NGT group (n = 123)	GDM group (n = 82)	PGDM group (n = 60)	F value	p Value
FPG (mmol/L)	4.56 ± 0.25	5.22 ± 0.368*	6.25 ± 0.29*^#	134.054	<.001
Blood glucose at 1h (mmol/L)	7.49 ± 1.01	10.27 ± 1.11*	12.84 ± 1.21*^#	129.024	<.001
Blood glucose at 2h (mmol/L)	6.27 ± 1.02	8.56 ± 1.07*	13.34 ± 1.34*^#	179.813	<.001
FIN (mIU/L)	10.26 ± 2.33	12.27 ± 3.44*	20.53 ± 2.80*^#	49.578	<.001
HOMA-IR	2.08 ± 0.48	2.84 ± 0.78*	5.69 ± 0.71*^#	121.695	<.001
NLRP3 (pg/ml)	480.72 ± 78.09	637.67 ± 82.70*	718.37 ± 66.22*^#	89.740	<.001
Caspase-1 (pg/ml)	27.98 ± 10.55	44.75 ± 11.77*	55.59 ± 11.43*^#	54.888	<.001
IL-1β (pg/ml)	35.37 ± 9.78	44.33 ± 8.47*	60.04 ± 7.61*^#	68.947	<.001
IL-18 (pg/ml)	41.29 ± 8.95	53.08 ± 8.43*	69.70 ± 8.76*^#	92.201	<.001

Note: Compared with NGT group, *p<.05; compared with GDM group, ^#p<.05.

Table 3. Correlation analysis of NLRP3 along with its effector molecules with blood glucose and insulin resistance in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Cytokine of pyroptosis	FPG	FIN	HOMA-IR	Blood glucose at 1h	Blood glucose at 2h
NLRP3
R	0.588	0.305	0.414	0.540	0.535
p	<.001	.003	<.001	<.001	<.001
Caspase-1
R	0.483	0.321	0.405	0.586	0.644
p	<.001	.002	<.001	<.001	<.001
IL-1β
R	0.580	0.468	0.556	0.515	0.607
p	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
IL-18
R	0.639	0.543	0.628	0.601	0.640
p	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

Table 4. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes among three groups of pregnant women.

Perinatal outcomes	NGT group (n = 123)	GDM group (n = 82)	PGDM group (n = 60)	F/χ^2	p
Weight gain (kg)	14.62 ± 4.84	12.16 ± 4.40*	11.95 ± 4.33*	10.207	<.001
Blood glucose before delivery(mmol/L)	4.48 ± 0.74	4.83 ± 0.44*	5.91 ± 0.62*^#	16.356	<.001
HbA1c before delivery (%)	5.16 ± 0.27	5.39 ± 0.29*	5.73 ± 0.28*^#	11.040	<.001
Gestation week at delivery (week)	39.50 ± 1.04	38.86 ± 1.22*	37.90 ± 1.16*^#	8.901	<.001
Cesarean section (n, %)	7(5.7%)	12(13.4%)*	12(18.3%)*	8.984	.011
Premature delivery (n, %)	5(4.1%)	10(12.2%)*	10(16.7%)*	8.555	.014
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n, %)	6(4.9%)	11(13.4%)*	13(21.7%)*	11.841	.003
Premature rupture of membranes (n, %)	5(4.1%)	11(13.4%)*	12(20.0%)*	11.856	.003
Neonatal hypoglycemia (n, %)	4(3.3%)	9(11.0%)*	13(21.7%)*	15.636	<.001
Macrosomia (n, %)	6(4.9%)	12(14.6%)*	14(23.3%)*	13.669	.001
Neonatal birth weight (kg)	3.25 ± 0.30	3.36 ± 0.42	3.50 ± 0.35	2.276	.109

Note: Compared with NGT group, *p<.05; compared with GDM group, ^#p<.05.

Figure 1. ROC curve of serum NLRP3 along with its effector molecules in the second trimester of pregnancy outcomes.

Table 5. Predictive value of NLRP3 along with its effector molecules in the second trimester for pregnancy outcomes.

Item	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity(%)	AUC(95%CI)	Cutoff value	p
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
NLRP3	82.76	51.69	0.65(0.59–0.71)	575.4(pg/ml)	.004
Caspase-1	79.31	70.76	0.79(0.73–0.84)	51.35(pg/ml)	<.001
IL-1β	75.86	74.15	0.73(0.67–0.78)	48.56(pg/ml)	<.001
IL-18	82.76	68.64	0.78(0.72–0.83)	65.35(pg/ml)	<.001
Combination prediction	82.76	77.97	0.84(0.79–0.88)	–	<.001
Premature rupture of membranes
NLRP3	82.14	48.52	0.63(0.57–0.69)	566.2(pg/ml)	.011
Caspase-1	75.00	71.31	0.75(0.69–0.80)	47.24(pg/ml)	<.001
IL-1β	75.00	73.84	0.71(0.65–0.76)	50.51(pg/ml)	<.001
IL-18	82.14	68.35	0.76(0.70–0.81)	56.17(pg/ml)	<.001
Combination prediction	75.00	76.79	0.81(0.75–0.85)	–	<.001
Premature delivery
NLRP3	80.00	47.92	0.62(0.56–0.68)	576.6(pg/ml)	.031
Caspase-1	72.00	70.42	0.72(0.66–0.77)	45.69(pg/ml)	<.001
IL-1β	72.00	72.92	0.69(0.63–0.74)	49.87(pg/ml)	.002
IL-18	76.00	74.58	0.73(0.67–0.79)	57.38(pg/ml)	<.001
Combination prediction	68.00	76.25	0.76(0.70–0.81)	–	<.001
Neonatal hypoglycemia
NLRP3	65.40	68.20	0.66(0.56–0.76)	613.4(pg/ml)	.007
Caspase-1	92.00	35.10	0.61(0.51–0.71)	30.14(pg/ml)	.058
IL-1β	53.80	71.10	0.62(0.50–0.74)	49.59(pg/ml)	.044
IL-18	65.40	66.90	0.66(0.55–0.77)	55.52(pg/ml)	.009
Combination prediction	73.100	63.20	0.67(0.56–0.77)		.005
Macrosomia
NLRP3	71.90	64.40	0.69(0.60–0.78)	617.0(pg/ml)	<.001
Caspase-1	59.40	73.80	0.68(0.58–0.78)	49.24(pg/ml)	.001
IL-1β	31.30	92.30	0.64(0.53–0.74)	60.63(pg/ml)	.011
IL-18	34.40	92.70	0.64(0.53–0.74)	71.49(pg/ml)	.013
Combination prediction	87.50	52.40	0.72(0.63–0.81)		<.001

Data availability statement

The data used to support the findings of this research are available on request from the corresponding author.