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Original Article

Clinical significance of three-dimensional power Doppler combined with two-dimensional Doppler ultrasonography for evaluating fetal growth restriction

, ORCID Icon &
Article: 2322610 | Received 22 Nov 2023, Accepted 19 Feb 2024, Published online: 28 Feb 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Placental blood flow measured by virtual organ computer-aided analysis software. Measures of blood flow obtained include the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascular flow index (VFI).

Figure 1. Placental blood flow measured by virtual organ computer-aided analysis software. Measures of blood flow obtained include the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascular flow index (VFI).

Figure 2. Process of pregnant patient inclusion. A total of 10 participants were excluded from the analyses because they were subsequently lost to follow-up, missing data. There were 63 eligible women enrolled. 31 pregnant women with early-onset FGR; the remaining 32 pregnant women with late-onset FGR.

Figure 2. Process of pregnant patient inclusion. A total of 10 participants were excluded from the analyses because they were subsequently lost to follow-up, missing data. There were 63 eligible women enrolled. 31 pregnant women with early-onset FGR; the remaining 32 pregnant women with late-onset FGR.

Table 1. Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the study population.

Table 2. Neonatal outcomes.

Table 3. General information between early- and late-onset FGR.

Figure 3. Roc curve of Early-onset FGR. For early-onset FGR, the diagnostic efficacy was highest in the 2D parameter with the largest UA PI AUC (0.861), increased in AUC (0.922) when the 2D parameter was combined, and did not increase when the 2D parameter was combined with the 3D parameter.

Figure 3. Roc curve of Early-onset FGR. For early-onset FGR, the diagnostic efficacy was highest in the 2D parameter with the largest UA PI AUC (0.861), increased in AUC (0.922) when the 2D parameter was combined, and did not increase when the 2D parameter was combined with the 3D parameter.

Figure 4. Roc curve of Late-onset FGR. For late-onset FGR, the diagnostic efficacy was highest with the largest CPR AUC (0.874) among the 2D parameters, increased (AUC 0.909) when the 2D parameters were combined, and significantly increased (0.957) when the 2D parameters were combined with the 3D parameters.

Figure 4. Roc curve of Late-onset FGR. For late-onset FGR, the diagnostic efficacy was highest with the largest CPR AUC (0.874) among the 2D parameters, increased (AUC 0.909) when the 2D parameters were combined, and significantly increased (0.957) when the 2D parameters were combined with the 3D parameters.

Table 4. Blood flow-related parameters of subjects with <32 weeks and ≥32 weeks.

Table 5. ROC Curve results of the fetal parameters of FGR.

Data availability statement

Data will be available upon request.