The effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of women suffering from pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting: a systematic review

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram.

Table 1. Summary results of the included studies.

Author, year, location	Study design	Participant	Severe nausea and vomiting	Intervention	Setting	Sample size (N)	Follow-up period	Tools	Outcome	p Value	Quality score
Kamali et al. [6] Iran	RCT	Parity: nulliparous women GA: 6–12 weeks Age: mean 25.8 ± 4.6 Singleton pregnancy	Mild-to-moderate NVP (based on PUQE)	Group 1: a small group discussion in 8 sessions, each 45–30 min Group 2: a usual care	Health centers	Group 1: intervention n: 30 Group 2: control, n: 29	1 week after last session of intervention	NVPQOL	Quality of life	p < .001	High
Liu et al. [7] Taiwan	RCT	Parity: both GA: 6–12 weeks Age: mean 30.05 + 4.41 Singleton pregnancy	Score more than 3 based on the Rhodes index	Health education at day 1, and two telephone follow-ups at 1 and 2 weeks after enrollment Group 2: a routine prenatal care	Hospital	Group 1: intervention n: 40 Group 2: control, n: 39	4 weeks after last session of intervention	NVPQOL	Quality of life	.047	High
Golmakani et al. [20] Iran	RCT	Parity: both Age: 18–35 years old GA: 6–11 weeks singleton pregnancy	Score of 3–16 based on the Rhodes index	A small group education Two training sessions based on the Ottawa nutritional guideline + two phone call Group 2: routine care	Health centers	Group 1: intervention, n: 30 Group 2: control, n: 30	4 weeks after last session of intervention	NVPQOL	Quality of life	p < .001	High
Ngo et al. [8] Norway	RCT	Parity: both Age: mean 32 ± 4.6 years old GA: 4 weeks	Scores >13 based on PUQE	Access to the MSS app, which could be used to track NVP symptoms and access tailored advice Group 2: standard maternal care	Social media and mobile application	Group 1: intervention n: 59 Group 2: control, n: 78	2 weeks after the start of the intervention	NVPQOL	Quality of life	p < .001	Low
McParlin et al. [22] UK	RCT	Parity: both Age >16 years GA: mean 10 weeks	Moderate to severe NVP PUQE score ≥9	Continuous midwifery telephone support. Group 2: control group	Hospital	Group 1: Intervention n: 39 Group 2: Control, n: 54	7 days after the start of the intervention	SF36.v2	Quality of life	>.054	High
Fletcher et al. [19] UK	RCT	Parity: both Age means: 26.5 GA: mean 9 weeks	PUQE > 3	Group 1: holistic assessment and a care plan tailored to their responses. Group 2: routine care	Hospital	Group 1: intervention n: 181 Group 2: control, n: 206	2, 4, and 6 weeks, after the start of the intervention	SF36	Quality of life	>.056	High
Truong et al. [21] Norway	RCT	Parity: both Age: mean Age 31 years old GA: mean 7.9 weeks	Moderate to severe NVP based on PUQE	Group 1: a individualize pharmacist consultation Group 2: Standard care	Social media	Group 1: intervention n: 69 Group 2: control, n: 62	Second trimester	QOLS	Quality of life	.048	Low

Figure 2. The forest plot of the effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of women suffering from pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting (subgroup of NVPQOL questionnaire for measuring quality of life).

Figure 3. Sensitive analysis of the effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of women suffering from pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting (subgroup of NVPQOL questionnaire for measuring quality of life).

Figure 4. The forest plot of the effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of women (subgroup of SF36 questionnaire for measuring quality of life).

Figure 5. Funnel plot of included studies.

Kamali Z, Abedian Z, SaberMohammad A, et al. The effect of small group teaching on quality of life in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting: a clinical trial. J Educ Health Promot. 2018;7:112.

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Liu M-C, Kuo S-H, Lin C-P, et al. Effects of professional support on nausea, vomiting, and quality of life during early pregnancy. Biol Res Nurs. 2014;16(4):378–386. doi: 10.1177/1099800413506036.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Golmakani N, Soltani M, Mobarhan MG, et al. Evaluation of the effects of an educational intervention based on the Ottawa nutritional guideline on health-related quality of life in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. J Midwif Reprod Health. 2017;5(2):873–881.

 Google Scholar

Ngo E, Truong MB-T, Wright D, et al. Impact of a mobile application for tracking nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) on NVP symptoms, quality of life, and decisional conflict regarding NVP treatments: MinSafeStart randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2022;10(7):e36226. doi: 10.2196/36226.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

McParlin C, Carrick-Sen D, Steen IN, et al. Hyperemesis in pregnancy study: a pilot randomised controlled trial of midwife-led outpatient care. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;200:6–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.016.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Fletcher SJ, Waterman H, Nelson L, et al. Holistic assessment of women with hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(11):1669–1677. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.06.007.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Truong MB-T, Ngo E, Ariansen H, et al. The effect of a pharmacist consultation on pregnant women’s quality of life with a special focus on nausea and vomiting: an intervention study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):766. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03472-z.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Data availability statement

The dataset used in the present study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.