https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-7894
Figures & data
Table 1. Top 5 populations of foreign residents in Shinjuku, as of December 2022.
Figure 1. Map of the Shin-Ōkubo area (source: Google Maps, 2022).
Figure 2. Signs by public authorities in Shin-Ōkubo (sign installer noted at the bottom of each sign). (a): Sign by the Shinjuku education committee; (b): Sign by the Shinjuku government; (c): Sign by the Shinjuku police department.
Figure 3. Korean and Japanese flags at the entrance to Koreatown, Shin-Ōkubo.
Figure 4. Large posters of K-pop idols at a K-pop idol goods store.
Figure 5. K-pop idol posters at non-K-pop goods storefronts. (a) Korean cosmetic store; (b) Korean restaurant
Figure 6. Korean food stand.
Figure 7. Hangul script by a Japanese chain discount store.
Figure 8. Korean business sign targeting a Korean readership.
Figure 9. Korean in Roman characters on a Korean cafe sign.
Figure 10. Monolingual English signs at Korean stores. (a) Korean cafe. (b) Korean clothing store.
Figure 11. Halal food store run by a Bangladeshi owner.
Figure 12. Halal food store run by a Pakistani owner.
Figure 13. Halal food store run by a Nepalese owner.
