Protective effect of berberine against LPS-induced injury in the intestine: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Molecular structure of berberine.

Figure 2. An overview of the berberine protective effect in the gut against LPS-induced injury.

Table 1. Summary of the protective role of berberine in the gut.

Agent	Dose/Route	Experimental model	Finding	Ref
Berberine hydrochloride	100 mg/kg/oral	Rat	↓ LPS-induced COX-2↓ LPS-induced PPARγ overexpression and phosphorylation ↓ LPS-induced p38/ATFs signal activation	[33]
Berberine hydrochloride	25, 50 mg/kg/oral	Rat	Improvement of LPS-downregulated IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression Ameliorating LPS-downregulated claudin-1 and occludin expression	[115]
Berberine	50 mg/kg/oral	Caco-2 cells	↑ Claudin-1 and occludin expression in Caco-2 cells ↑ Intracellular zinc content in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells	[132]
Berberine chloride	5, 10, 20 μM	HepG2 cells	↓ Toll-like receptor 4 overproduction gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance	[78]
Berberine hydrochloride	75,150 and 250 μg/ml	IPEC-J2 cells	↓ IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IκBa, p-p65, p-IκBa, p38, p-p38 and p-JNK	[47]
Berberine hydrochloride	10, 20 μM	rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells	↑Claudin-12, VE-cadherin, and beta-catenin ↑ TEER modulating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway	[89]
Berberine	10, 25, 50, 70, 100 µM	Rumen epithelial cells	↓TLR4 and MyD88 expression JNK and p38MAPK phosphorylation ↓ NF-κB and MAPK-mediated inflammatory pathways activation	[39]
Berberine	1, 5, 10 μg/ml	Rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells	↓ IL-8 level with 5 and 10 μg/ml concentration↓ IL-6 level with 1,5 and 10 μg/ml concentration	[46]
Neutral sulfate berberine	50 mg/kg/oral	Male mice	↓ Tissue damage of the lungs and small intestine↓plasma TNF-α level	[55]
Berberine	100 µM	Rat Intestinal surface epithelial cells	↓ TLR4 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein Myd88 (Myd88)	[43]
Berberine	200 mg/kg/oral	Male mice	Downregulating of the NF-κB and MLCK pathway ↓ Intestinal epithelium TJ disruption	[20]
Berberine	100 mg/kg/oral	Male rat	Repairing the injured intestinal mucosa, alleviating endotoxemia and restoring intestinal permeability	[34]
Berberine-loaded chitosan/fucoidan-taurine nanoparticles	30 μg/mL	Caco-2 cells/RAW264.7 cells	Avoiding redistribution of TJ protein and restoring barrier function↑TEER	[32]
Berberine	30 and 120 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection	Rat	↓ Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1b in plasma ↓ TLR4 and NF-κB in ileum ↑ Activities of SOD and GSH-Px	[135]
Berberine	50 mg/kg/oral	Male BALB/c mice	Inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB pathway ↓ LPS-induced intestinal injury	[41]

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