Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors in a Latin American COPD Population of Patients. The LASSYC Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient’s characteristics according with the level of physical activity.

Characteristics	All patients	Low physical activity levels	Moderate physical activity levels	High physical activity levels	p-value
	N = 734	N = 278	N = 169	N = 287
Age, years, mean (SD)	69.6 (8.7)	70.8 (8.7)	70.5 (8.5)	67.8 (8.5)	<0.001
Sex. Male, n (%)	448 (61.0)	154 (55.4)	101 (59.8)	193 (67.3)	0.014
BMI, kg/m^2, mean (SD)	25.7 (5.1)	25.8 (5.5)	25.4 (4.9)	25.9 (4.8)	0.540
Active smokers, n (%)	114 (15.5)	43 (15.5)	26 (15.4)	45 (15.7)	0.996
Smoking history, pack-years, mean (SD)	42.2 (19.1)	43.4 (18.9)	41.3 (19.5)	41.7 (19.4)	0.510
COTE index, median (IQR)	0 (0; 1)	0 (0; 2)	0 (0; 1)	0 (0; 1)	0.217
mMRC scale, mean (SD)	1.8 (1.0)	2.1 (1.1)	1.9 (1.0)	1.5 (0.9)	<0.001
Spirometry, mean (SD)
Post-BD FVC (% predicted)	73.0 (18.9)	71.3 (19.7)	74.2 (18.0)	74.0 (18.6)	0.170
Post- BD FEV1 (% predicted)	49.1 (17.5)	47.1 (18.3)	49.1 (15.5)	51.0 (17.6)	0.032
FEV1/FVC (%)	49.1 (11.4)	48.0 (12.0)	48.5 (11.0)	50.5 (11.0)	0.030
CAT, mean (SD)	15.3 (8.1)	17.1 (7.9)	15.5 (7.8)	13.5 (8.0)	<0.001
BODEx, mean (SD)	2.9 (1.9)	3.4 (2.0)	2.9 (1.8)	2.5 (1.7)	<0.001
Exacerbations in past year, median (IQR)
Ambulatory	1 (0; 2)	1 (0; 2)	1 (0; 2)	0 (0; 2)	0.002
Hospital based	0 (0; 0)	0 (0; 1)	0 (0; 0)	0 (0; 0)	0.423
E-RS score, median (IQR)
Total	9 (4; 14)	10 (6; 16)	8 (4; 14)	8 (4; 13)	0.011
Breathlessness domain	5 (2; 8)	6 (3; 10)	5 (1; 8)	4 (1; 8)	<0.001
Cough & sputum domain	3 (1; 4)	3 (1; 4)	3 (1; 4)	2 (1; 4)	0.874
Chest symptoms domain	1 (0; 3)	1 (0; 3)	1 (0; 3)	1 (0; 3)	0.888
Early morning symptoms severity score, median (IQR)	2 (1; 5)	3 (1; 5)	2 (1; 5)	2 (1; 4)	0.483
Nighttime symptoms severity score, median (IQR)	1 (0; 3)	1 (0; 3)	0 (0; 3)	1 (0; 3)	0.948
Night awakes, median (IQR)	0 (0; 0)	(0; 0)	(0; 0)	(0; 0)	0.473

Abbreviations: BD: bronchodilator; BMI: Body mass index; BODEx: Body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exacerbations; CAT: COPD assessment test; E-RS: Evaluating respiratory symptoms; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: Forced vital capacity; IQR: interquartile range; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale; SD: standard deviation.

Figure 1. Distribution of patients according with the level of physical activity.

High: Percentage with high physical activity, Moderate: Percentage with moderate physical activity, Low: percentage with low physical activity.

Table 2. Unadjusted and adjusted association between patients’ characteristics with low levels of physical activity. (lower tertile).

		Unadjusted analysis				Adjusted analysis
			95% CI				95% CI
	Variables	OR	Lower bound	Upper bound	p-value	OR	Lower bound	Upper bound	p-value
Females	Age (years)	1.04	1.01	1.07	0.009	1.04	1.01	1.07	0.012
	BMI (kg/m²)	0.99	0.95	1.04	0.775	–	–	–	–
	Smoking status	1.49	0.81	2.72	0.200	–	–	–	–
	COTE index	1.02	0.93	1.11	0.689	–	–	–	–
	mMRC scale	1.55	1.21	1.97	<0.001	1.44	1.13	1.84	0.004
	FEV1 (% predicted)	0.99	0.98	1.01	0.298	–	–	–	–
	CAT score	1.03	1.00	1.06	0.047	–	–	–	–
	BODEx index	1.21	1.06	1.38	0.004	–	–	–	–
	Ambulatory exacerbations	1.09	0.95	1.25	0.201	–	–	–	–
Males	Age (years)	1.02	0.99	1.04	0.076	–	–	–	–
	BMI (kg/m²)	1.01	0.97	1.05	0.720	–	–	–	–
	Smoking status	0.77	0.44	1.36	0.365	–	–	–	–
	COTE index	1.12	0.94	1.33	0.216	–	–	–	–
	mMRC scale	1.55	1.28	1.88	<0.001	1.36	1.10	1.68	0.004
	FEV1 (% predicted)	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.019	–	–	–	–
	CAT score	1.05	1.03	1.08	<0.001	1.04	1.01	1.07	0.005
	BODEx index	1.27	1.14	1.42	<0.001	–	–	–	–
	Ambulatory exacerbations	1.13	0.99	1.29	0.067	–	–	–	–
Both	Sex (females)	1.46	1.08	1.98	0.015	–	–	–	–
	Age (years)	1.03	1.01	1.04	0.003	1.02	1.00	1.04	0.028
	BMI (kg/m²)	1.00	0.97	1.03	0.919	–	–	–	–
	Smoking status	1.01	0.67	1.52	0.970	–	–	–	–
	COTE index	1.06	0.99	1.14	0.108	–	–	–	–
	mMRC scale	1.56	1.34	1.81	<0.001	1.35	1.14	1.60	<0.001
	FEV1 (% predicted)	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.018	–	–	–	–
	CAT score	1.05	1.03	1.07	<0.001	1.03	1.01	1.05	0.012
	BODEx index	1.25	1.15	1.36	<0.001	–	–	–	–
	Ambulatory exacerbations	1.12	1.02	1.23	0.016	–	–	–	–

Smoking status: former or current smoking. Adjusted analysis were made using a stepwise approach, thus the variables with association measures were mutually adjusted.

Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; BODEx: Body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exacerbations; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale.

Figure 2. Distribution of levels of PA according to GOLD severity stages I to IV.

Figure 3. Distribution of levels of PA according to GOLD severity groups A to D.

Figure 4. Time spent in physical activity according to intensity and by sex. Walk: Minutes per day walking, Moderate: minutes per day doing moderate physical activity, Vigorous: minutes per day doing vigorous physical activity. Sitting time: hours per week.

Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted association between symptoms during early morning. night and daytime with low levels of physical activity. (lower tertile).

		Unadjusted analysis				Adjusted analysis
			95% CI				95% CI
Sex	Symptoms	OR	Lower bound	Upper Bound	p-value	OR	Lower bound	Upper Bound	p-value
Female	Early morning	1.55	0.90	2.67	0.111	1.20	0.60	2.37	0.606
	Night	1.13	0.60	2.11	0.706	0.87	0.41	1.84	0.708
	Daytime	1.23	0.73	2.07	0.427	0.79	0.39	1.62	0.518
Male	Early morning	1.44	0.85	2.45	0.177	0.74	0.39	1.40	0.351
	Night	1.01	0.60	1.70	0.973	0.59	0.32	1.09	0.093
	Daytime	1.61	1.02	2.53	0.041	0.81	0.45	1.44	0.464

Abbreviation: OR: Odds ratio.