Serum MCP-1 and NGAL Play an Important Role in the Acute Inflammatory Event of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline demographic of AECOPD, COPD-CAP patients and the control group.

Variables	Control (n = 50)	AECOPD (n = 40)	COPD-CAP (n = 57)	P
Age(yrs)	60.5(53-72)	64(54-72)	64(55-71)	0.051
Sex(M)	32	32	44	0.104
BMI(Kg/m^2)	22.6 ± 3.4	22.1 ± 3.0	22.0 ± 4.2	0.065
NGAL(ng/mL)	49.88(33.17-66.47)	121.33 (65.14-236.05)a	158.44(125.86-268.18)ab	<0.001
MCP-1(pg/ml)	27.25(24.03-44.50)	34.98 (25.51-61.50)	75.39(48.61-121.50)ab	<0.001

^ap < 0.05: The levels of AECOPD and COPD-CAP were compared with these of controls respectively;.

^bp < 0.05: The levels of COPD-CAP were compared with these of AECOPD.

Table 2. Presents baseline laboratory parameters and clinical characteristics in the COPD-CAP and AECOPD subgroup patients.

Variables	AECOPD n = 40	COPD-CAP n = 57	P
Age(yrs)	64(54-72)	64(55-71)	0.977
Sex(M)	32	44	0.741
BMI(Kg/m^2)	22.1 ± 3.0	22.0 ± 4.2	0.961
Current smoking(n)	18	13	0.021
Pack-years	30(5-50)	25(0-40)	0.257
COPD Stage(n)：			0.049
Stage I	4	0
Stage II	11	18
Stage III	13	27
Stage IV	12	12
Blood Gas:
PH	7.42(7.40-7.45)	7.42(7.40-7.44)	0.866
PaO2(mmHg)	73(66-85)	71(63-82)	0.540
PaCO2(mmHg)	39(37-45)	41(36-44)	0.641
OI	345.93 ± 72.27	332.84 ± 80.45	0.413
Lac(mmol/L)	1.1(0.9-1.4)	1.1(0.9-1.3)	0.710
HCO3-(mmol/L)	26.34 ± 3.96	26.78 ± 3.94	0.589
BE(mmol/L)	1.75 ± 3.29	2.28 ± 3.21	0.433
RF(n)	9	18	0.326
Lung Function:
FEV1(%pred.)	37.38(27.91-62.10)	40.30(30.40-54.50)	0.570
FVC(%pred.)	67.99 ± 21.02	65.23 ± 18.95	0.500
FEV1/FVC(%)	51.52 ± 12.95	49.83 ± 11.66	0.504
RBC(×10^12/L)	4.44 ± 0.55	4.40 ± 0.49	0.749
Hb(g/L)	134.83 ± 16.23	133.81 ± 14.33	0.745
HCT(%)	40.40 ± 4.31	40.39 ± 4.23	0.990
WBC(×10^9/L)	6.75(5.47-7.91)	6.37(5.36-8.56)	0.837
NS(×10^9/L)	4.66(3.56-5.99)	4.40(3.47-6.06)	0.883
Lym(×10^9/L)	1.32 ± 0.45	1.28 ± 0.45	0.648
NLR	3.38(2.60-4.22)	3.59(2.45-5.71)	0.412
Micro(×10^9/L)	0.44(0.34-0.62)	0.48(0.37-0.69)	0.468
EOS(×10^9/L)	0.18(0.08-0.28)	0.12(0.07-0.26)	0.393
NS%	68.35 ± 9.60	69.42 ± 9.43	0.588
Lym%	20.12 ± 6.93	19.35 ± 7.84	0.622
Micro%	6.9(5.45-9.45)	7.1(5.9-9.1)	0.452
EOS%	2.45(1.4-4.45)	2.2(0.8-4.3)	0.509
CRP(mg/L)	2.03(1.19-5.71)	8.6(2.30-29.10)	0.001
PCT(ng/ml)	0.05(0.03-0.65)	0.06(0.04-0.08)	0.065
ESR(mmol/L)	8.0(5.5-16.0)	16(8.0-43.0)	0.027
FB(g/L)	3.23(2.75-4.36)	4.0(3.27-6.04)	0.010
FDP(g/L)	1.77(1.10-2.45)	2.49(1.6-3.04)	0.035
NGAL(ng/mL)	121.33(65.14-236.05)	158.44(125.86-268.18)	0.012
MCP-1(pg/ml)	34.98(25.51-61.50)	75.39(48.61-121.50)	<0.001
ALB(g/L)	37.19 ± 4.51	37.26 ± 4.12	0.941
LDH(U/L)	163.5(145.5-192.0)	183(162-241)	0.013
LOS(day)	8.5(6.5-10.5)	8.0(7.0-12.0)	0.43
comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus(n)	5	10	0.499
Hepatitis(n)	0	1	0.301
Hypertension(n)	12	27	0.086
Mechanical ventilationn(n)	1	1	1.000

Values are reported as mean ± SD, median (inter-quartile ranges) or n .

Figure 1. NGAL and MCP-1 concentration of AECOPD patients and COPD-CAP patients compared to controls.The horizontal line with error bar denotes mean values (±SE). *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2. Verification of NGAL and MCP-1 by ELISA in the discovery group. The horizontal line with error bar denotes mean values (±SE). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 3. Correlations of NGAL and MCP-1 levels with parameters related to the lung function and inflammatory status of COPD patients.

	NGAL		MCP-1
	r	p	r	p
FEV1(%pred.)	−0.36	p = 0.000	−0.14	p = 0.158
FVC(%pred.)	−0.34	p = 0.001	−0.27	p = 0.008
FEV1/FVC(%)	−0.26	p = 0.009	−0.02	p = 0.853
NS	0.21	p = 0.037	−0.03	p = 0.763
NLR	0.24	p = 0.018	−0.001	p = 0.991
PCT(pg/ml)	0.14	p = 0.181	0.05	p = 0.604
CRP(pg/ml)	0.16	p = 0.116	0.14	p = 0.169
ESR(mmol/h)	0.08	p = 0.462	0.27	p = 0.007
NGAL	–	–	0.35	p < 0.001

Figure 3. ROCs for NGAL, MCP-1, NS% and their combination in the verification group. (A) One group includes controls, and the other group includes COPD-CAP patients. (B) One group includes controls, and the other group includes AECOPD patients. (C) One group includes COPD-CAP pateints, and the other group includes AECOPD patients. (D) One group includes COPD patients with GOLD I, and the other group includes COPD patients with GOLD II, III and IV. (E) One group includes COPD patients with GOLD I and II, the other group includes COPD patients with GOLD III and IV. (F) One group includes COPD patients with GOLD I, II and III, the other group includes COPD patients with GOLD IV.