Fluoride-Induced Immunotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rat: A Correlative Approach to Oxidative Stress

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Effect of NaF on body weight, and on splenic and thymic indices and on packed cell volume weight in male albino rats

Group	Initial BW (g)	Final BW (g)	Splenic Index (g/100 g BW)	% Elevation	Thymic Index (g/100 g BW)	% Elevation	Packed Cell Volume Weight (g) of 2 ml Blood	% of Diminution
Control	105.28 ± 1.62	118.33 ± 2.93	0.675 ± 0.041		0.039 ± 0.005		1.15 ± 0.087
NaF-treated	110.17 ± 2.25	119.38 ± 3.35	1.002 ± 0.092	48.44	0.051 ± 0.004	30.76	0.85 ± 0.064	26.00

Each value represents mean ± SEM from 8 rats per group.

*Value significantly different from the control at p < 0.05 using Student's two-tail t-test.

TABLE 2 Effect of NaF on peripheral blood immune cell profiles, blood anti-albumin IgG levels, and splenocyte numbers

Group	Lymphocytes (% of all leukocytes)	Monocytes (% of all leukocytes)	Neutrophils (% of all leukocytes)	Plasma anti-BSA IgG (ng/ml)	Splenocyte counts (× 10^5/g splenic tissue)
Control	73.50 ± 2.23	4.23 ± 0.60	20.83 ± 0.74	3.73 ± 0.23	1193.40 ± 20.47
NaF-treated	66.17 ± 1.58	2.45 ± 0.82	17.00 ± 0.40	1.80 ± 0.21	560.00 ± 20.08

Each value represents mean ± SEM from 8 rats per group.

*Value significantly different from the control at p < 0.05 using Student's two-tail t-test.

TABLE 3 Effect of NaF on catalase and peroxidase activity and formation of malondialdahyde (MDA) in rat samples

	Catalase (mM H2O2 consumed/mg tissue/min)		Peroxidase Unit/mg tissue		MDA nM/mg tissue
Group	Splenic tissue	Packed cells	Splenic tissue	Packed cells	Splenic tissue	Packed cells
Control	6.47 ± 0.16	8.14 ± 0.14	0.497 ± 0.005	0.54 ± 0.02	14.38 ± 0.29	15.96 ± 0.61
NaF-treated	3.10 ± 0.06	4.63 ± 0.19	0.257 ± 0.011	0.44 ± 0.03	19.50 ± 0.28	24.44 ± 0.93

Each value represents mean ± SEM from 8 rats per group.

*Value significantly different from the control at p < 0.05 using Student's two-tail t-test.

Plate 1 Effect of sodium fluoride on histoarchitecture of splenic nodule in rat. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (100 X) (arrow in plate 1A indicates splenic nodule. In plate 1B arrow indicates derangement of splenic nodule (a) with collagen fibre infiltration (b), vaculation in organ structure (c) along with reticulin (d) and hyperpigmentation (e).

Plate 2 (A) Changes in the arrangement of cortex and medulla in thymic lobule in rat after sodium fluoride treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (100 X). Arrow denoted by ‘a’ mark indicates the medullary part of the thymic lobule ‘b’ mark cortical part of the thymic lobule. (B) Arrow with ‘a’ mark indicates derangement in the cortex and medullary part of the thymic lobule, ‘b’ mark arrow indicates vaculation, ‘c’ mark arrow indicates pigmentation.