Use of Avian Lymphocytes to Detect Toxicity: Effects of a Commonly Utilized Deltamethrin Preparation

Figures & data

TABLE 1 In vitro effect of deltamethrin on B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation in the presence LPS or Con-A mitogens

		Treatment regimen (Pre-Mitogen)
^aControl cell group		60 min Deltamethrin		120 min Deltamethrin
^bB-Cell proliferation (LPS)	^bT-Cell proliferation (ConA)	B-Cell proliferation (LPS)	T-Cell proliferation (ConA)	B-Cell proliferation (LPS)	T-Cell proliferation (ConA)
0.379 ± 0.036	0.299 ± 0.045	0.194 ± 0.029	0.185 ± 0.050	0.154 ± 0.027	0.147 ± 0.057

^aValues are reported as mean Δ OD ± SE (mean OD of mitogen-stimulated wells − mean OD of unstimulated wells). Cells were first treated as indicated and then proliferation assessed after a 72-hr incubation with the indicated mitogen.

^bValue reported was obtained with both 60 and 120 min incubations with vehicle prior to mitogen treatment.

*Value significantly different from that of vehicle-treated control cells at p < 0.05.

FIG. 1 Induction of apoptosis in White Leghorn lymphocytes treated with 10⁻⁵ M deltamethin in vitro. Photomicrographs (at X400) are of avian lymphocytes after immunoperoxidase staining to detect presence of Annexin-V (A) Control lymphocytes. (B) Lymphocytes treated with deltemethrin with translocated phosphatidylserine on their surface.

FIG. 2 DNA fagmentation in avian lymphocytes exposed to 10⁻⁵ M of deltamethrin. After treatments, DNA was harvested and 20 μg per sample electrophoresed over a 1% agarose gel. Lane 1: GeneRuler 100 bp DNA Ladder Plus Marker; Lane 2: DNA from control cells; Lane 3: DNA from cells after exposure to deltamethrin.

FIG. 3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs showing apoptosis in avian lymphocytes induced by deltamethrin. (A) Budding of apoptotic bodies from lymphocyte (X15,000); (B) Apoptotic bodies on lymphocyte surface (X15,000).

FIG. 4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs showing apoptosis in avian lymphocytes induced by deltamethrin. (A) Control lymphocytes (X11,000). (B) Margination of chromatin (X15,000). (C) Formation of apototic bodies (X11,000). (D) Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies (X11,000).