Inhibitory Action of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. On Systemic and Local Anaphylaxis

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Preliminary phytochemical study on M.oleifera seed extract

Tests	Observation
Alkaloids
Wagner's test	Positive—Turbidity noted
Mayer's test	Positive—Turbidity noted
Flavonoids
Dilute HCL	Positive—Precipitation noted
Glycosides
Bromine test	Positive—Turbidity noted
Cupraloin test	Positive—Turbidity noted
Saponins
Sodium bicarbonate	Negative—No change observed
Polyphenols
Ferric chloride test	Negative—No change observed
Lead acetate test	Negative—No change observed
Steroids
Liebermann–Burchard's test	Negative—No change observed
Salkowski test	Negative—No change observed
Tannins
Ferric chloride test	Positive—Opacity noted
Lead acetate test	Positive—Opacity noted
Triterpenoids
Acetic anhydride test	Positive—Precipitation noted

TABLE 2 List of major phytochemical constituents of the seeds of M. oleifera

Active principle/s (isolated/reported from seed extract)	Reported activity	Reference
Alkaloid, Moringine	Relaxes bronchioles	Kirtikar and Basu, 1975
Flavonoids, Tocopherols, vitamin C, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and carotenoids	Antioxidant	Laandrault et al., 2001
Glycosides, Benzylisothiocyanate, its derivatives (a glycoside of mustard oil) 4-(4′-acetyl-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzoisothiocyanate	Anti-inflammatory External counter-irritant property	Das et al., 1958
Total polyphenols	Antioxidants	Lako et al., 2007
4-(α -L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonitrile, 4-hydroxyl phenylacetonitrile and 4-hydroxyphenylacetamide	As mutagens	Villasenor et al., 1989, Villasenor et al., 1990, Villasenor, 1994
4-[α -L-rhamnosyloxy]	Antibiotic	Dayrit et al., 1990
4-(α -L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonotrile, β -carotene, β -sterols, and lecithin	Antimicrobial	Njoku and Adikwu, 1997
O-ethyl-4-(α -L-rhamnosyloxy)benzylcarbamate together with seven known compounds, i.e. niazimicin, niazirin, β-sitostrol, glycerol-1-1-(9-octadecanoate), 3-O-(6′-O-oleoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β -sitosterol, and β -sitosterol-3-O-β - D-glucopyranoside	Anti-tumor promoting activity	Guevara et al., 1999
Thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid and α -tocopherol	As nutritive and as an antioxidant	Dahot and Memon, 1985
Monopalmitic acid, oleic acid, and tri-oleic triglycerides were isolated from seeds and oil	—	Memon and Khatri, 1987

TABLE 3 Effect of MOEE on compound 48/80-induced systemic reaction in mice

MOEE administration (g/kg BW)^a	Compound 48/80 (0.008/kg BW)	Mortality (%)^b
None (saline)	+	100
0.001	+	100
0.01	+	80
0.1	+	50
1	+	0**
1	−	0**

^aGroups of mice (n = 10/group) were orally pre-treated with 200 μ l saline or MOEE 1 hr before compound 48/80 intraperitoneal injection. ^bMortality (as %) within 1 hr following compound 48/80 injection was represented as number of dead mice × 100/total number of experimental mice in group. *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; value significantly different from that in the saline treatment group.

TABLE 4 Effect of MOEE on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rats

MOEE dose (g/kg BW)^a	Inhibition (%)^b
None (saline)	0.00 ± 4.2
0.001	17.2 ± 1.9
0.01	25.2 ± 3.5
0.1	47.6 ± 4.2
1	61.2 ± 6.1**

^aMOEE was administered orally 1 hr (n = 6/group) prior to the challenge with antigen.

^bEach value is presented as mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; value significantly different from that in the saline treatment group.

FIG. 1 Effect of MOEE compound 48/80 induced histamine release from RPMC. RPMC (2 × 10⁵ cells/ml) were pre-incubated with the drug at 37°C for 10 min prior to incubation with compound 48/80 (10 μ g/ml) for 10 min. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; value significantly different from that in the saline treatment group.

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