Concentration of gambling spending by product type: analysis of gambling accounts records in Norway

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of gambling products from norsk tipping by ways of delivery, content type and provider’s restrictions on gambling.

Gambling products	Delivered where	Type of content	Restrictions
Lotteries
Lotto, VikingLotto, Joker, Extra, EuroJackpot	Physically (in grocery stores etc) and online	Typically numbers- based lotteries, 1-2 events per week	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK
Keno	Physically (in grocery stores etc) and online	Number-based lottery. Draw every day	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK
Nabolaget	Physically (in grocery stores etc) and online	Address-based lottery. Draw every day	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK
Sports games
Oddsen	Physically (in grocery stores etc) and online	Betting on outcomes of sport events and other competitions. Draw every day	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK
Tipping	Physically (in grocery stores etc) and online	Betting on outcomes of football matches. Draw 3 times per week	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK
Video gaming terminal games
Multix	Only at physical terminal (in kiosks, gas stations, pubs, etc.)	Various casino type games, card games, games of chance. Duration between each stake is at least 3 s	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK. Specific loss limits of 650 NOK/day and 2 700 NOK/month Mandatory break: 10 min/hour
Belago	Only at physical terminals (in bingo halls)	Various interactive games, mostly reel games. Duration between each stake is at least 3 s	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK. Specific loss limits of 900 NOK/day, 4 400 NOK/month Mandatory break: 5 min/hour
Online instant games
KongCasino	Exclusively online	Various interactive online games (e.g. reel/slot games and table games like roulette). Duration between each stake is at least 3 s	Overall monthly loss limit of 20 000 NOK/month^1 Mandatory break: 90 sec/hour
Bingoria	Exclusively online	Various interactive online bingo related games. Duration between each stake is at least 3 s
e-Flax	Exclusively online	Online scratch card game. Duration between each stake is at least 3 s

¹ As of 2019, later the limit has been reduced.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for distributions of gambling spending by product. Net losses in NOK.

Gambling products (number of people who gamble / number of people who gamble with net losses)	% of all gamblers with net losses	% of total losses	Maximum losses	Mean losses	Median losses	Stand dev	Ratio Mean /median
Lotteries
Lotto (35 498/35 498)	89.9%	26.7%	66 860	1 173	856	1 770	1.37
VikingLotto (27 283/27 283)	69.1%	16.4%	59 896	939	507	1 430	1.85
Joker (25 346/25 346)	64.2%	5.6%	12 598	344	163	466	2.11
Extra (11 615/11 615)	29.4%	4.5%	10 100	601	202	843	2.98
EuroJackpot (21 282/21 282)	53.9%	10.7%	81 569	778	314	843	2.48
Keno (3 311/3 168)	8.0%	1.7%	129 345	866	80	4 336	10.83
Nabolaget (7 296/7 152)	18.1%	2.2%	18 700	482	200	687	2.41
Sports games
Oddsen (6 391/5 357)	13.6%	10.0%	240 612	2 914	320	11 025	9.11
Tipping (4 225/4 225)	10.7%	2.8%	68 840	1 042	132	3 294	7.89
Video gaming terminal games
Multix (1 314/1 109)	2.8%	3.9%	32 400	5 441	1 640	7 648	3.32
Belago (619/546)	1.4%	2.9%	53 690	8 153	3 077	10 675	2.65
Online instant games
KongCasino (3 267/2 827)	7.2%	9.6%	115 928	5 274	413	13 186	12.77
Bingoria (1 292/1 165)	3.0%	0.8%	94 995	1 154	66	5 279	17.48
e-Flax (7 760/7 514)	19.0%	3.6%	55 470	740	215	1 954	3.44
Total (39 995/39 475)	100 %	100 %	240 612	3 944	1 778	38 717	2.22

Table 3. Gini coefficients of gambling losses with 95% CI, by gambling product and overall.

Gambling products	Gini coefficient with 95 % CI
Lotteries
Lotto (89.9%)	0.55 [0.54 to 0.55]
VikingLotto (69.1%)	0.59 [0.58 to 0.59]
Joker (64.2%)	0.60 [0.59 to 0.60]
Extra (29.4%)	0.63 [0.63 to 0.64]
EuroJackpot (53.9%)	0.65 [0.64 to 0.66]
Keno (8.0%)	0.88 [0.86 to 0.89]
Nabolaget (18.1%)	0.62 [0.62 to 0.63]
Sports games
Oddsen (13.6%)	0.85 [0.84 to 0.86]
Tipping (10.7%)	0.85 [0.83 to 0.87]
Video gaming terminal games
Multix (2.8%)	0.67 [0.65 to 0.69]
Belago (1.4%)	0.64 [0.62 to 0.66]
Online instant games
KongCasino (7.2%)	0.83 [0.82 to 0.84]
Bingoria (2.9%)	0.90 [0.88 to 0.92]
e-Flax (19.0%)	0.72 [0.71 to 0.73]
Total	0.65 [0.65 to 0.66]

Note: Bootstrapped SE for Gini coefficient.

Table 4. Percentile values and proportion of net losses in NOK accounted for by the upper 10% or the upper 5% or the upper 1% of people who gamble by product.

Gambling products	90 per-centile	95 per-centile	99 per-centile	Proportion by upper 10% of people	Proportion by upper 5 % of people	Proportion by upper 1 % of people
Lotteries
Lotto	2 489	3 683	7 737	40.7	28.3	11.1
VikingLotto	1 875	2 982	6 088	40.2	28.4	10.5
Joker	975	1 067	1 727	37.9	23.6	8.7
Extra	1 389	2 222	3 939	44.0	27.2	8.9
EuroJackpot	1 935	2 915	5 934	47.5	32.2	12.0
Keno	1 101	3 125	17 668	84.8	73.8	38.3
Nabolaget	1 550	2 050	2 500	45.5	28.1	8.1
Sports games
Oddsen	4 859	12 283	55 462	78.9	66.1	30.8
Tipping	2 406	4 957	14 512	72.2	55.9	24.3
Video gaming terminal games
Multix	17 215	24 213	31 917	44.4	25.9	5.8
Belago	24 225	32 864	45 053	41.3	24.0	5.6
Online instant games
KongCasino	14 537	30 949	68 767	71.8	51.8	16.3
Bingoria	1 571	5 309	24 434	86.9	74.3	35.8
e-Flax	1 777	2 998	7 651	58.9	43.6	18.9
Total	7 946	13 025	41 732	52.2	39.5	17.9

Table 5. Pearson’s r for bivariate correlations between indicators of concentration of gambling net losses by product.

	Mean/median ratio	Proportion by upper 10%	Proportion by upper 5 %	Proportion by upper 1 %
Gini coefficient	0.91	0.98	0.94	0.87
Mean/Median ratio		0.91	0.88	0.80
Proportion by upper 10%			0.99	0.94
Proportion by upper 5 %				0.98

Note: All correlation coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.001).