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Research Article

Autointoxication and historical precursors of the microbiome–gut–brain axis

Article: 1548249 | Received 31 Aug 2018, Accepted 06 Nov 2018, Published online: 27 Nov 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1. Kellogg, John Harvey, The Itinerary of a Breakfast; a Popular Account of the Travels of a Breakfast Through the Food Tube And of the Ten Gates and Several Stations through which it Passes, Also of the Obstacles which It Sometimes Meets (1920) by Kellogg, John Harvey, 1852–1943 [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons https://archive.org/stream/itineraryofbre00kell/itineraryofbre00kell#page/n139/mode/1up.

Figure 1. Kellogg, John Harvey, The Itinerary of a Breakfast; a Popular Account of the Travels of a Breakfast Through the Food Tube And of the Ten Gates and Several Stations through which it Passes, Also of the Obstacles which It Sometimes Meets (1920) by Kellogg, John Harvey, 1852–1943 [No restrictions], via Wikimedia Commons https://archive.org/stream/itineraryofbre00kell/itineraryofbre00kell#page/n139/mode/1up.

Figure 2. Autographed portrait of Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, from an original photograph by Harrods. Lent by the director, Wellcome Medical Museum. Wellcome Collection.

Figure 2. Autographed portrait of Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, from an original photograph by Harrods. Lent by the director, Wellcome Medical Museum. Wellcome Collection.

Figure 3. An advertisement for the J.B.L. Cascade, Health: a Home Magazine dedicated to Physical Culutre and Hygiene, December 1905 issue. https://archive.org/stream/healthahomemaga00unkngoog#page/n492/mode/2up Copyright expired, originally printed prior to 1923 in the US.

Figure 3. An advertisement for the J.B.L. Cascade, Health: a Home Magazine dedicated to Physical Culutre and Hygiene, December 1905 issue. https://archive.org/stream/healthahomemaga00unkngoog#page/n492/mode/2up Copyright expired, originally printed prior to 1923 in the US.

Figure 4. Medical thesis by Chevalier-Lavaure, Bibliotheque Nationale de France, picture taken Manon Mathias, 2 July 2018. Copyright expired.

Figure 4. Medical thesis by Chevalier-Lavaure, Bibliotheque Nationale de France, picture taken Manon Mathias, 2 July 2018. Copyright expired.

Figure 5. Medical thesis by André Prunier, Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Santé, Paris, picture taken Manon Mathias, 4 July 2018. Copyright expired.

Figure 5. Medical thesis by André Prunier, Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Santé, Paris, picture taken Manon Mathias, 4 July 2018. Copyright expired.