Assessment of the ameliorative effect of Hypericum perforatum on olanzapine-induced hepatic oxidative stress and metabolic abnormalities in experimental male albino rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of HP on serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels in OLZ-administered rats.

Group	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	ALP (U/L)
Group 1 (Control)	22.13 ± 0.321	82.50 ± 1.450	16.59 ± 0.515
Group 2 (OLZ)	36.17 ± 1.447***	109.02 ± 7.15***	44.03 ± 2.245***
Group 3 (HP)	23.00 ± 0.931	81.17 ± 3.673	17.01 ± 0.642
Group 4 (OLZ + HP)	30.00 ± 1.949^++	86.33 ± 1.430^++	26.47 ± 1.568^+ + +

Values were expressed as a mean ± standard error. ⁺⁺P < 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001, compared with OLZ-administered group (group 2). ***P < 0.001, compared to the control group (group 1). OLZ: olanzapine, HP: Hypericum Perforatum, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase.

Table 2. Effect of HP on liver oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity of OLZ-administered rats.

Group	GSH (n mol/100 mg tissue)	LPO (nmol MDA/100 mg tissue)	SOD (U/g tissue)
Group 1 (Control)	20.03 ± 0.948	14.90 ± 0.949	3.49 ± 0.118
Group 2 (OLZ)	7.084 ± 0.27***	41.12 ± 1.763***	2.01 ± 0.079***
Group 3 (HP)	22.75 ± 0.889	13.52 ± 0.943	3.30 ± 0.138
Group 4 (OLZ + HP)	22.05 ± 0.818^+++	12.88 ± 0.911^+++	3.20 ± 0.126^+++

Values were expressed as a mean ± standard error. ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001, compared to OLZ-administered group (group 2). ***P < 0.001, compared to the control group (group 1). OLZ: olanzapine, HP: Hypericum Perforatum, GSH: glutathione, MDA: malonaldehyde, LPO: Lipid peroxidation, SOD: superoxide dismutase.

Table 3. Effect of HP on serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose of OLZ administered rats.

Group	Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)	Glucose (mg/dl)
Group 1(Control)	95.67 ± 0.615	72.17 ± 3.380	102.33 ± 4.104
Group 2 (OLZ)	113.17 ± 2.023***	123.50 ± 7.365***	158.83 ± 1.833 ***
Group 3 (HP)	93.72 ± 2.237	71.00 ± 4.219	108.43 ± 4.34
Group 4 (OLZ + HP)	100.33 ± 1.687^++	83.67 ± 1.382 ^+++	131.83 ± 2.810^+ + +

Values were expressed as a mean ± standard error. ⁺⁺P < 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001, compared with OLZ-administered group (group 2). ***P < 0.001, compared to the control group (group 1). OLZ: olanzapine, HP: Hypericum Perforatum.

Table 4. Effect of HP on body weight gain of OLZ administered rats.

Group	1st week Body weight (g)	4th week Body weight (g)	6th week Body weight (g)
Group1 (Control)	141.66 ± 3.073	141.67 ± 3.073	143.33 ± 2.789
Group 2 (OLZ)	138.33 ± 3.073	160.00 ± 1.826 ***	180.00 ± 6.191***
Group 3 (HP)	136.66 ± 3.333	142.53 ± 3.238	147.50 ± 3.819
Group 4 (OLZ + HP)	140.00 ± 3.175	140.00 ± 2.887^+++	152.01 ± 9.011^+++

Values were expressed as a mean ± standard error. ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001, compared with OLZ-administered group (group 2). ***P < 0.001, compared to the control group (group 1). OLZ: olanzapine, HP: Hypericum Perforatum.

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of transverse section (T. S) (5 µm) of liver of rats of control group, HP-administered group, OLZ-administered group, and animal treated with OLZ and HP. Characteristic figures were stained with H&E. The original magnification was x100. (A and B) Control group, Arrow, (CV) and (S) indicate normal hepatic cell, central vein, and sinusoids, respectively. (C) Animals treated with 81.0 mg/kg /day HP three times a week for 4 weeks. Illustrating normal Kupffer Cells (KC) lining the sinusoids. (D, E, and F) animals treated with 27.0 mg/kg/day OLZ daily for 6 weeks showing severe fatty changes (FC) and dilated congested central vein (CV) hyperemic dilated portal vein (HY), bile duct (BD) and necrotic cells (N). In addition to inflammatory cells infiltration (IF) in the portal areas and dilated portal vein (pv) with arrow refers to swelling endothelium. (G and H) rats were given OLZ at a dose of 27.0 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks plus with HP at a dose of 81.0 mg/kg/day three times a week for last 4 weeks revealing normal hepatic parenchyma indicated by an arrow without fatty changes and dilated portal vein (PV).