Continuous adductor canal block added to local infiltration analgesia (LIA) after total knee arthroplasty has no additional benefits on pain and ambulation on postoperative day 1 and 2 compared with LIA alone

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics and preoperative data

	Treatment (n = 35)	Control (n = 34)
Age ^a	71 (60–87)	68 (55–85)
Sex (male/female)	17/18	16/18
BMI	31 (22–56)	31 (23–45)
ASA score I/II/III	2/28/5	5/28/1
Preoperative knee flexion	110 (89–123)	110 (89–125)
Preoperative quadriceps strength	5 (1–5)	5 (3–5)
Preoperative nausea I/II/III/IV	1/0/0/0	0/0/0/0
Preoperative straight leg raise yes/no	33/1	34/0

Data are counts, median (range) or ^a mean (range)

Flow chart of the study.

Table 2. Ambulation abilities

	Treatment	Control
POD1:	n = 35	Pn =34
POD2:	n = 30	Pn =31	p-value
Quadriceps strength POD1	4 (1–5)	4 (2–5)	0.9
Quadriceps strength POD2	5 (1–5)	5 (1–5)	0.9
Active knee flexion POD1	83 (50–100)	80 (45–100)	0.8
Active knee flexion POD2	90 (30–110)	90 (65–105)	0.4
Straight leg raise POD1^a	29/3	33/1	0.4
Straight leg raise POD2^a	28/1	30/1	1.0
Climbing stairs POD1^a	5/27	1/33	0.1
Climbing stairs POD2^a	26/4	24/7	0.5
TUG test (seconds) POD2	24 (0–59)	25 (0–58)	0.4
Ready for discharge on POD2^a	26/2	25/5	0.4
10-point mobility scale POD1	10 (3–10)	10 (5–10)	0.6
10-point mobility scale POD2	10 (1–10)	10 (10–10)	0.04

Data are counts or median (range)

a yes/no

Table 3. Pain scores and morphine consumption

		Treatment	Control
POD1:	n = 35	Pn =34
POD2:	n = 30	Pn =31	p-value
NRS during PT session POD1 ^a	6 (1–9)	6 (1–10)	0.3
NRS during PT session POD2 ^a	5 (0–10)	5 (2–10)	0.9
NRS at rest POD1	1 (0–6)	3 (0–5)	0.04
NRS at rest POD2	1 (0–6)	2 (0–5)	0.4
NRS >3/< 3 at rest POD1	4/28	8/26	0.3
NRS >3/< 3 at rest POD2	2/28	4/27	0.4
Time to additional pain medication (hours)	7.5 (0.5–47)	8.0 (0.5–47)	0.9
OMEQ total POD0	38 (15–100)	53 (15–96)	0.4
OMEQ total POD1	45 (8–130)	53 (30–145)	0.3
OMEQ total POD2	41 (8–85)	45 (15–175)	0.3

Data are counts, median (range) or ^a mean (range)

NRS = Numeric rating scale (for assessment of pain intensity)

PT = Physiotherapy

OMEQ = Oral morphine equivalents