Physical capability after total joint arthroplasty: long-term population-based follow-up study of 6,462 women

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of study population (N = 6,462).

Table 2. Self-reported physical capability (PC) assessed by walking capability, in controls (women with no arthroplasty) and in women with total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at baseline, 10-year and 20-year follow-ups (%)

	n ^a	Walking without limitations ^b	< 1 km ^c	< 100 m ^d	p ^e
Control group
Baseline	5,356	95	4.0	1.0
10-year follow-up	5,557	94	4.0	2.0
20-year follow-up	5,497	80	11	9.0
THA between baseline and 10-year follow-up
Baseline	56	84	13	4.0	0.2
10-year follow-up	60	83	12	5.0
20-year follow-up	59	64	12	24
TKA between baseline and 10-year follow-up
Baseline	73	84	15	1	0.01
10-year follow-up	73	80	16	4
20-year follow-up	73	53	27	19
THA between 10-year and 20-year follow-up
Baseline	218	95	4	1	0.6
10-year follow-up	225	90	8	3
20-year follow-up	222	76	12	12
TKA between 10-year and 20-year follow-up
Baseline	427	94	5	0	0.04
10-year follow-up	441	89	9	3
20-year follow-up	431	71	17	12

Arthroplasties are stratified by OSTPRE study follow-up periods (between baseline and 10-year follow-up, between 10-year and 20-year follow-up).

^a Participants with valid answer in each individual follow-up point.

^b “Good PC.”

^c Can move < 1 km independently but > 100 m.

^d Can move < 100 m independently.

^e Chi-square was used to study the statistical significance of the changes in good PC during the follow-up between the control group and women with THA/TKA.

Table 3. Subjective well-being (SW) in controls (women with no arthroplasty) and in women with total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee (TKA) arthroplasty at baseline, 10-year, and 20-year follow-ups (%)

	n ^a	Good	Moderate	Poor	p-value ^a
Control group
Baseline	5,520	48	42	10
10-year follow-up	5,593	52	45	3
20-year follow-up	5,577	43	50	7
THA between baseline and 10-year follow-up
Baseline	60	33	50	17	0.01
10-year follow-up	60	33	62	5
20-year follow-up	58	31	50	19
TKA between baseline and 10-year follow-up
Baseline	73	32	51	18	0.005
10-year follow-up	74	41	55	4
20-year follow-up	74	27	57	16
THA between 10-year and 20-year follow-up
Baseline	227	45	46	9	0.004
10-year follow-up	227	38	56	5
20-year follow-up	224	37	56	7
TKA between 10-year and 20-year follow-up
Baseline	435	40	49	11	< 0.001
10-year follow-up	445	36	60	4
20-year follow-up	449	29	61	10

Arthroplasties are stratified by OSTPRE-study follow-up periods ­(between baseline and 10-year follow-up, between 10-year and 20-year follow-up).

^a Participants with valid answer in each individual follow-up point.

^b Chi-square was used to study the statistical significance of the changes in good SW during the follow-up between the control group and women with THA/TKA.

Table 1. Characteristics of the study population (N = 6,462)

Factor	No arthroplasty during follow-up (n = 5,643)	Women with hip prostheses during follow-up (n = 292)	Women with knee prostheses during follow-up (n = 527)	p-value
Age at baseline (years)	57 (52–62)	57 (52–62)	57 (52–62)	< 0.001 ^a
Height (cm)	161 (136–179)	162 (147–176)	162 (143–178)	0.005 ^a
Weight (kg)	69 (38–125)	70 (47–103)	74 (48–120)	< 0.001 ^a
BMI	26 (16–53)	27 (19–40)	28 (20–48)	< 0.001 ^a
Mean number of chronic
diseases at baseline	1.6 (0–10)	1.7 (0–8)	1.8 (0–9)	0.002 ^a
at end of follow-up	6.8 (0–36)	7.2 (0–26)	7.2 (0–26)	< 0.001 ^a
Self-reported diseases at end of follow-up (%) ^b
Osteoporosis/osteopenia	11	8.6	12	0.3
Rheumatoid arthritis/
ankylosing spondylitis	4.1	6.2	8.3	< 0.001
Chronic back pain	24	30	29	0.004
Ischemic heart disease	18	16	19	0.7
Hypertension	58	59	66	0.002
Other heart disease	15	18	18	0.1
Asthma	14	15	14	0.9
Emphysema	2.6	2.7	2.5	1.0
Diabetes	17	14	22	0.006
Stroke	9.8	9.6	8.3	0.6
Cancer	14	13	12	0.6
Self-reported fractures (%) ^b
Hip fracture
at baseline	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.8
end of follow-up	0.5	5.1	0.8	< 0.001
Any low trauma energy fracture
at baseline	8.2	7.5	6.6	0.4
end of follow-up	12	14	13	0.4

^a One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

^b Pearson’s chi-square.

Figure 2. Proportion of women with good and poor self-reported physical capability (PC) after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Figure 3. Proportion of women with good and poor self-reported physical capability (PC) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Figure 4. Proportion of women with good self-reported subjective wellbeing (SW) after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Figure 5. Proportion of women with good self-reported subjective wellbeing (SW) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Table 4. PC and SW results (%) for propensity score matched controls (no arthroplasty) for women with THA (n = 61) and TKA (n = 75) between baseline and 10-year follow-up, and for women with THA (n = 231) and TKA (n = 452) between 10-year and 20-year follow-up

		PC				SW
	Walking without limitations ^a	< 1 km ^b	< 100 m ^c	p-value ^d	Good	Moderate	Poor	p-value ^d
Baseline–10-year follow-up
THA controls
Baseline	95	6	0		61	31	9
10-year follow-up	95	5	0	0.2	54	39	7	< 0.001
20-year follow-up	80	10	10		53	35	12
TKA controls
Baseline	94	6	0		59	32	9
10-year follow-up	95	4	1	< 0.001	56	39	5	< 0.001
20-year follow-up	81	8	11		53	37	11
10–20-year follow-up
THA controls
Baseline	97	3	0		54	38	8
10-year follow-up	95	4	1	0.5	53	44	3	< 0.001
20-year follow-up	80	8	12		48	46	6
TKA controls
Baseline	97	3	1		52	40	9
10-year follow-up	93	5	3	0.02	52	44	4	< 0.001
20-year follow-up	81	10	9		47	47	6

^a “Good PC.”

^b Can move < 1 km independently.

^b Can move < 100 m independently.

^d Chi-square was used to study the statistical significance of the changes in good PC and SW through the follow-up between the propensity score matched controls and women with THA or TKA.