Gonadotoxic effect of tramadol administration: A prospective controlled study

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison between the T-group and C-group according to age, education, hormone levels, and seminal parameters

Variable	T-group (N = 56)	C-group (N = 38)	St t-test	P
Age, years, mean (SD)	28.52 (4.18)	28.84 (4.27)	0.37	0.72
Education, n (%) Not educated Educated	39(69.6) 17(30.4)	8(21.1) 30(78.9)	χ^2 = 21.38	<0.001*
ED, n (%) Yes No	23(41.1) 33(58.9)	3(7.9) 35(92.1)	χ^2 = 12.45	<0.001*
Libido, n (%) Decrease Normal	26(46.4) 30(53.6)	5(13.2) 33(86.8)	χ^2 = 11.34	0.001*
Serum testosterone level, ng/dL, mean (SD)	392.32(118.06)	688.29(210.43)	8.71	<0.001*
Serum prolactin level, ng/mL, mean (SD)	22.11 (3.89)	8.74 (2.01)	19.48	<0.001*
Semen volume, mL, mean (SD)	1.49 (0.29)	2.04 (0.24)	9.56	<0.001*
Semen concentration, million/mL, mean (SD)	14.27 (1.98)	30.84 (2.66)	34.59	<0.001*
Semen total motility, %, mean (SD)	32.2 (4.08)	52.23 (3.95)	23.68	<0.001*
Progressive motility, %, mean (SD)	22.83 (3.53)	39.98 (3.27)	23.82	<0.001*
Abnormal forms, %, mean (SD)	52.29 (9.13)	28.37 (4.69)	14.85	<0.001*

*Significant at P < 0.05.

Table 2. Comparison between effects of tramadol dose on ED, libido, hormone levels, and semen parameters

T-group (N = 56)	Group 1 Dose 400–1000 mg/day (n = 36)	Group 2 Dose >1000 mg/day (n = 20)	St t-test	P
Tramadol blood level, mg, mean (SD)	415.97 (86.96)	745.95 (54.07)	15.37	<0.001*
ED, n (%) Yes No	5 (13.9) 31 (86.1)	18 (90.0) 2 (10.0)	χ^2 = 30.77	<0.001*
Libido, n (%) Decrease Normal	6 (16.7) 30 (83.3)	20 (100) 0 (0.0)	χ^2 = 35.9	<0.001*
Serum testosterone, ng/dL, mean (SD)	451.39 (106.48)	286.0 (30.85)	6.77	<0.001*
Serum prolactin, ng/mL, mean (SD)	19.69 (2.36)	26.45 (1.61)	11.38	<0.001*
Semen volume, mL, mean (SD)	1.51 (0.27)	1.45 (0.33)	0.71	0.48
Semen concentration, million/mL, mean (SD)	14.43 (2.01)	13.99 (1.94)	0.81	0.42
Semen total motility, %, mean (SD)	34.53 (2.99)	28.0 (1.68)	8.98	<0.001*
Semen progressive motility, %, mean (SD)	24.9 (2.48)	19.09 (1.36)	9.66	<0.001*
Abnormal forms, %, mean (SD)	46.17 (4.03)	63.3 (3.6)	15.81	<0.001*

*Significant at P < 0.05.

Table 3. Comparison between effects of tramadol addiction duration on ED, libido, hormone levels, and semen parameters

T-group (N = 56)	Group A Duration 1–4 years (n = 23)	Group B Duration >4 years (n = 33)	St t-test	P
Tramadol blood level, mg, mean (SD)	357.52 (41.71)	656.7 (121.04)	11.37	<0.001*
ED, n (%) Yes No	2 (8.7) 21 (91.3)	21 (63.6) 12 (36.4)	χ^2 = 16.9	<0.001*
Libido, n (%) Decrease Normal	3 (13.0) 20 (87.0)	23 (69.7) 10 (30.3)	χ^2 = 17.49	<0.001
Serum testosterone, ng/dL, mean (SD)	517.83 (69.15)	304.85 (38.17)	14.79	<0.001*
Serum prolactin, ng/mL, mean (SD)	18.17 (1.4)	24.85 (2.4)	11.97	<0.001*
Semen volume, mL, mean (SD)	1.79 (0.16)	1.28 (0.16)	11.82	<0.001*
Semen concentration, million/mL, mean (SD)	15.83 (0.59)	13.18 (1.87)	6.55	<0.001*
Semen total motility, %, mean (SD)	36.43 (1.42)	29.24 (2.3)	13.31	<0.001*
Semen progressive motility, %, mean (SD)	26.57 (1.24)	20.22 (1.8)	14.64	<0.001*
Abnormal forms, %, mean (SD)	43.91 (3.23)	58.12 (7.12)	8.93	<0.001*

*Significant at P < 0.05.