Extracellular vesicles of bacteria as potential targets for immune interventions

Figures & data

Figure 1. EVs is a spherical structure enclosed by a lipid bilayer, which contains proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as other substances such as ions, metabolic molecules, and signaling molecules

Figure 2. EVs vaccine can affect the immune response of T lymphocytes to change the levels of various cytokines in the body for active immunity; EVs vaccine can not only protect homologous strains, but also cross-protect heterologous strains; EVs vaccine can also be used as an adjuvant or an important part of the vaccine to enhance the effect of active immunity and further enhance its safety