Direct health costs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a multidisciplinary ALS unit in Catalonia (Spain)

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution of internal health direct costs by educational level. Note: dashed, solid, and dashed-dot lines refer to primary or less secondary and tertiary educational levels, respectively.

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.

	Mean (std. dev.)
Costs at unit level	5,157.62 (4,758.96)
Female	0.46 (0.5)
Age	63.89 (12.50)
Immigrant status	0.07 (0.25)
Exitus	0.45 (0.50)
Income level at postal code (thousands €)	16.42 (5.76)
Distance in km to reference hospital	36.16 (50.50)
Delay in diagnosis (days)	531.10 (714.89)
Genetic study to confirm the disease	0.86 (0.34)
	Percentages
Educational level
Incomplete primary	12.24
Primary	21.41
Vocational	32.24
Upper secondary	19.76
Tertiary	14.35
Labor status
Working	36.94
Unemployed	3.29
Disabled	8.94
Retired	41.18
Household care	9.65
Diagnoses phenotype
Bulbar onset	26.35
Spinal onset	52.94
Others motor neurone	20.71

Table 2 GLM results: marginal effects.

Age	−32.485 (20.83)
Female	459.943 (502.77)
Immigrant status	−775.554 (764.92)
Passed away	−2,473.321 (600.19)***
Time to exitus	1.993 (0.58)***
Income's postcode residence area	−23.381 (38.82)
Educational level
Primary	−546.160 (992.20)
Vocational	−1,505.928 (715.29)**
Secondary	−1,405.846 (705.26)**
Tertiary	−1,385.795 (687.28)**
Working labor status
Unemployed	−475.719 (661.80)
Disability	36.320 (839.39)
Retired	492.936 (583.59)
House & others	1,358.525 (804.46)*
Outlier	9,119.638 (3,215.05)***
The delay between diagnosis & first clinic consult	0.289 (0.25)
Grouped phenotype
Spinal onset ALS	14.431 (467.72)
Others motor neurone	618.468 (430.06)
Confirmed ALS by a genetic test	2,228.177 (456.92)***
Distance in km	−20.142 (5.06)***
N	425
Log-likelihood	−4,015.05
AIC	8,094.09