Translational feasibility of soluble nanobiotherapeutics with enhanced red blood cell functions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of 90 min sustained hemorrhagic shock on intracellular pCO₂ and effects of different transfusion fluids. From Bian and Chang [13] with copyright permission.

Figure 2. Effects of different transfusion fluids on the recovery of ST elevation in 90 min sustained hemorrhagic shock rat model. From Bian and Chang [13] with copyright permission.

Figure 3. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of intestine tissue sections (200×) of Shed blood reperfusion group after 90 min ischemia and 1 h resuscitation.

Figure. 4 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of intestine tissue sections (200×) of PolyHb reperfusion after 90 min ischemia and 1 h resuscitation.

Figure 5. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of intestine tissue sections (200×) of Poly-[SFHb-SOD-CAT-CA] reperfusion after 90 min ischemia and 1 h resuscitation.

Figure 6. Different type of Poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT-CA].

Table 1. Comparison of PolyHb, Poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT] and Poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT-CA] with RBC.

Properties	RBC	Poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT-CA]	Poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT]	PolyHb
Oxygen transport	7 microns	Soluble: better perfusion inpartial arterial obstruction	Soluble: better perfusion inpartial arterial obstruction	Soluble: better perfusion inpartial arterial obstruction
Oxygen radicals removal	7 microns RBC enzyme	Soluble + enhanced enzymes better perfusion and removal of oxygen radicals	Soluble + enhanced enzymes better perfusion and removal of oxygen radicals	N/A
Carbon dioxide transport	7 microns RBC Enzymes	Soluble + enhanced enzymes better perfusion and CO2 removal	N/A	N/A
Storage	Suspension <1 day 20 °C,42 days 4 °C	Lyophylized 40 days 20 °C, >320 days 4 °C	Lyophylized 40 days 20 °C, >320 days 4 °C	Solution >320 days 20 °C
Blood groups	Yes unless O, needs blood group matching and typing	None Can be given on the spot	None Can be given on the spot	None Can be given on the spot
Heat pasteurization	Cannot	Yes for lyophilized form	Yes for lyophilized form	Yes
Platelet-like function	N/A	Possible if fibrinogen xlinked [17]	Possible if fibrinogen xlinked [17]	Possible if fibrinogen xlinked [17]
Availability	Limited human source	Human and nonhuman sources	Human and nonhuman sources	Human and nonhuman sources
Circulation time	Donor RBC 30 days	1–2 days	1–2 days	1–2 days
Potential areas of application	Better for elective long-term RBC replacement Especially chronic anemia and other clinical conditions	As nanobiotherapeutic for emergency uses and therapy in conditions requiring all three enhanced RBC functions (i) O2 transport, (ii) oxygen radical removal and (iii) CO2 transport	As nanobiotherapeutic for emergency uses and therapy in conditions requiring enhanced (i) O2 transport and (ii) oxygen radical removal	As nanobiotherapeutic for emergency uses and therapy in conditions requiring enhanced (1) O2 transport

N/A: not applicable.

Bian Y, Chang TMS. A novel nanobiotherapeutical Poly-[hemoglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase-carbonic anhydrase] with no cardiac toxicity for the resuscitation of a 90 minutes sustained severe hemorrhagic shock rat model with 2/3 blood volume loss. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2015;43:1–9.

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Wong N, Chang TMS. PolyHb-fibrinogen: a novel blood substitutes with platelet-like activity for extreme hemodilution. Artif Cell Blood Sub Biotechnol. 2007;35:481–489.

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