Pectin-conjugated magnetic graphene oxide nanohybrid as a novel drug carrier for paclitaxel delivery

Figures & data

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of the synthesis of GO-Fe₃O₄, PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄ and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC.

Figure 1. FTIR spectra of GO-Fe₃O₄, PEC and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄.

Figure 2. XRD spectrum of GO, GO-Fe₃O₄ and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄.

Figure 3. TEM images of GO (a), GO-Fe₃O₄ (b) and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄ (c).

Table 1. The average particle size and polydispersity index of GO-Fe₃O₄, GO-Fe₃O₄-PEC, GO-Fe₃O₄-PEC-PAC.

Nanocarriers	Size (nm)	PDI
GO-Fe3O4	509.00 ± 55.57	0.526 ± 0.28
PEC-GO-Fe3O4	534.47 ± 41.95	0.545 ± 0.12
PEC-GO-Fe3O4-PAC	532.90 ± 54.62	0.588± 0.09

Results are given as the mean ± SD of n = 3.

Figure 4. The magnetization hysteresis loop of PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄ and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC at room temperature, between −2000 and +2000 Oe.

Figure 5. TGA thermogram of PEC (a) and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄ (b).

Figure 6. The LC% and EE% of GO-Fe₃O₄ and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄. Data were given as mean ± SD (n = 3).

Figure 7. PAC release from GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC (a) at pH 7.4 and (b) at pH 5.5. Results were expressed as the mean ± SD of n = 3, p < .05.

Table 2. Release exponent (n), calculated from paclitaxel release profile using Korsmeyer–Peppas model.

Nanocarrier	pH of medium	Release exponent (n)	Regression (r)
GO-Fe3O4-PAC	5.5	0.25	0.9747
	7.4	0.32	0.9251
PEC-GO-Fe3O4-PAC	5.5	0.26	0.9309
	7.4	0.19	0.9929

Figure 8. Relative cell viability of GO-Fe₃O₄ and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄ treated with L-929 fibroblast normal cell. Data were revealed as the means ± SD (n = 3).

Figure 9. Relative cell viability of GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC and PEC-GO-Fe₃O₄-PAC treated with MCF-7 cancer cell. The points were expressed as mean ± SD of (n = 3).