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Research Article

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as a novel treatment for black fungal bone infections (Mucormycosis): in vitro and in vivo study

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 131-144 | Received 12 Jul 2023, Accepted 30 Jan 2024, Published online: 29 Feb 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. The XRD patterns for N/CQDs and N/MC.

Figure 1. The XRD patterns for N/CQDs and N/MC.

Figure 2. HFESEM images of (a) N/CQDs and (b) N/MC, and TEM images of (c) N/CQDs and (d) N/MC.

Figure 2. HFESEM images of (a) N/CQDs and (b) N/MC, and TEM images of (c) N/CQDs and (d) N/MC.

Figure 3. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for N/MC.

Figure 3. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for N/MC.

Figure 4. The MIC values (µg/ml) of N/MC and N/CQDs against different fungal isolates (mean ± SE).

Figure 4. The MIC values (µg/ml) of N/MC and N/CQDs against different fungal isolates (mean ± SE).

Figure 5. The MFC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC against both different fungal isolates.

Figure 5. The MFC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC against both different fungal isolates.

Figure 6. The MIC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC on Sorbitol media against both different fungal isolates (mean ± SE).

Figure 6. The MIC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC on Sorbitol media against both different fungal isolates (mean ± SE).

Figure 7. The MFC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC on Sorbitol media against both different fungal isolates.

Figure 7. The MFC values (µg/ml) of N/CQDs and N/MC on Sorbitol media against both different fungal isolates.

Figure 8. Illustrates the calculated mean of the inhibition zone (mm) at different concentrations of N/CQDs and N/MC versus diverse species of fungi and the mean of inhibition zone against standard anti-biotics (cyclohexamide and nystatin) (mean ± SE).

Figure 8. Illustrates the calculated mean of the inhibition zone (mm) at different concentrations of N/CQDs and N/MC versus diverse species of fungi and the mean of inhibition zone against standard anti-biotics (cyclohexamide and nystatin) (mean ± SE).

Figure 9. Percent of inhibition (%) of N/CQDs and N/MC in SDA media against multiple fungal strains.

Figure 9. Percent of inhibition (%) of N/CQDs and N/MC in SDA media against multiple fungal strains.

Figure 10. Size of the infected wound with M. indicus (108 CFU/ml) at 12 days, Percentages of wound healing and histopathological investigations clearly showed the inflammatory congested and inflamed blood vessels due to the severe inflammation and which decreases completely through the treatment (mean ± SE).

Figure 10. Size of the infected wound with M. indicus (108 CFU/ml) at 12 days, Percentages of wound healing and histopathological investigations clearly showed the inflammatory congested and inflamed blood vessels due to the severe inflammation and which decreases completely through the treatment (mean ± SE).

Figure 11. Bacterial and fungal colonies from the infected wound at (day zero) and at the last day of treatment (day 12) (mean ± SE).

Figure 11. Bacterial and fungal colonies from the infected wound at (day zero) and at the last day of treatment (day 12) (mean ± SE).

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.