Polysubstance abuse among sexually abused in alcohol, drug, and gambling addiction treatment in Greenland: a cross sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram

Table 1. Baseline characteristics (N = 431)

	Sexually abused N = 263 (61%)	Not sexually abused N = 168 (39%)	P-value
Sex N (%)			< 0.001
Men	84 (31.9%)	117 (69.6%)
Women	179 (68.1%)	51 (30.4%)
Age Mean (SD)			0.174
Years	38.9 (11.6)	37.3 (12.1)
School education N (%)			0.293
No school education	93 (35.4%)	48 (28.6%)
Primary education	160 (60.8%)	111 (66.1%)
Secondary education	10 (3.8%)	9 (5.4%)
Further education N (%)			0.582
No further education	179 (68.1%)	121 (72%)
Vocational education	76 (28.9%)	41 (24.4%)
Higher education	8 (3%)	6 (3.6%)
Labour market affiliation N (%)			0.622
Yes	190 (72.2%)	125 (74.4%)
No	73 (27.8%)	43 (25.6%)
Physical abuse N (%)			< 0.001
Yes	218 (82.9%)	99 (58.9%)
No	45 (17.1%)	69 (41.1%)
Emotional abuse N (%)			< 0.001
Yes	222 (84.4%)	100 (59.5%)
No	41 (15.6%)	68 (40.5%)
Polysubstance abuse N (%)			0.006
Yes	85 (32.2%)	34 (20.2%)
No	178 (67.7%)	134 (79.8%)
Alcohol abuse N (%)			0.181
AUDIT score 0–7	55 (20.9%)	36 (21.4%)
AUDIT score 8–15	41 (15.6%)	32 (19%)
AUDIT score 16–19	24 (9.1%)	24 (14.3%)
AUDIT score > 20	143 (54.4%)	76 (45.2%)
Cannabis abuse N (%)			0.122
Do not smoke cannabis	57 (21.7%)	48 (28.6%)
No more than once a month	32 (12.2%)	18 (10.7%)
1–4 times a month	26 (9.9%)	24 (14.3%)
More than once a week	148 (56.3%)	78 (46.4%)

Table 2. Association between sexual abuse and polysubstance abuse (N = 431)

	Model 1		Model 2^a
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Not sexually abused (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Sexually abused	1.88 (1.19; 2.97)	0.007	2.06 (1.22; 3.48)	0.007

^aAdjusted for sex, age, school education, further education, labour market affiliation, physical abuse and emotional abuse

Table 3. Association between sexual abuse and alcohol abuse (N = 431)

	Model 1		Model 2^a
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Not sexually abused (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Sexually abused	1.18 (0.80; 1.76)	0.407	1,03 (0.65; 1.63)	0.891

^aAdjusted for sex, age, school education, further education, labour market affiliation, physical abuse and emotional abuse

Table 4. Association between sexual abuse and cannabis abuse (N = 431)

	Model 1		Model 2^a
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Not sexually abused (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Sexually abused	1.49 (1.01; 2.19)	0.046	1.89 (1.20; 2.98)	0.006

^aAdjusted for sex, age, school education, further education, labour market affiliation, physical abuse and emotional abuse

Table A1. Response analysis (N = 597)

	Responders N = 431 (72.2%)	Non-responders N = 166 (27.8%)	P-value*
Sex N (%)			0.014
Men	201 (46.6%)	59 (35.5%)
Women	230 (53.4%)	107 (64.5%)
Age Mean (SD)			0.010**
Years	38.3 (11.8)	41.1 (12.1)
School education N (%)			0.010
No school education	141 (32.7%)	39 (23.5%)
Primary school education	271 (62.9%)	111 (66.9%)
Secondary school education	19 (4.4%)	16 (9.6%)
Further education N (%)			0.004
No further education	300 (69.6%)	92 (55.4%)
Vocational education	117 (27.1%)	65 (39.2%)
Higher education	14 (3.2%)	9 (5.4%)
Labour market affiliation N (%)			0.920
Yes	315 (73.1%)	122 (73.5%)
No	116 (26.9%)	44 (26.5%)
Physical abuse N (%)			0.892
Yes	317 (73.5%)	123 (74.2%)
No	114 (26.5%)	43 (25.9%)
Emotional abuse N (%)			0.451
Yes	322 (74.7%)	119 (71.7%)
No	109 (25.3%)	47 (28.3%)

* Pearson ꭓ²-test (significance level 0.05)

** ANOVA-test (significance level 0.05)

Table A2. Overview of variables

Variables	Questions*	Response categories
Exposure variable
Sexual abuse	“Have you been sexually abused (e.g. forced sexual performance or sexual harassment) – At some point in your life?”	0 = No 1 = Yes
Co-variates
School education	“Which school education have you finished?”	0 = No school education 1 = Primary school education 2 = Secondary school education
Further education	“Which further education have you finished?”	0 = No further education 1 = Vocational education 2 = Higher education
Affiliation with labour market	“What has your labour market affiliation been for the past 3 years?”	0 = No affiliation with labour market 1 = Affiliation with labour market
Physical abuse	“Have you been physically abused (e.g. been hit or in other ways harmed physically) – At some point in your life?”	0 = No 1 = Yes
Emotional abuse	“Have you been emotionally abused (e.g. humiliation or psychological terror) – At some point in your life?”	0 = No 1 = Yes
Outcome variables
Polysubstance abuse	Computed score based on alcohol abuse and hashish abuse. Smoking hashish more than once a week and having an alcohol problem is considered a polysubstance abuse.	0 = No polysubstance abuse 1 = Polysubstance abuse
Alcohol abuse	Calculated AUDIT score based on 10 questions about alcohol use. Score 1–15 = No alcohol problem Score ≥16 = Alcohol problem	0 = No alcohol problem 1 = Alcohol problem
Hashish abuse	“How often have you smoked hashish during the past year?”	0 = Less than once a week 1 = More than once a week

* Translated from Danish