Effect of sleep deprivation and daylight restriction on the immune response to Escherichia coli-induced septicemia in Wistar rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total White blood cell count in control and experimental groups.

Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8). *indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); ^# indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05).I = Control; II = Control + ECIS; III = SD12 + ECIS; IV = SD96 + ECIS; V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS.

Table 1. Differential white blood cell count in control and experimental groups.

Groups	Neutrophil (%)	Lymphocyte (%)	Eosinophil (%)	Monocyte (%)
I	21.4 ± 1.7	74.2 ± 1.8	2.8 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.2
II	28.0 ± 0.8^#	70.8 ± 1.7	1.6 ± 0.2^#	1.8 ± 0.4
III	20.0 ± 0.6*	74.8 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.3^#	2.0 ± 0.3
IV	21.2 ± 0.4*	74.2 ± 1.6	0.6 ± 0.2^#*	2.2 ± 0.2^#
V	23.8 ± 0.5*	74.0 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.2^#*	1.4 ± 0.3
VI	18.6 ± 0.7*	75.8 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.1^#*	2.2 ± 0.2^#

Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8). * indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); # indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05).

I = Control; II = Control + ECIS; III = SD12 + ECIS; IV = SD96 + ECIS; V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS.

Figure 2. Interferon gamma levels in control and experimental groups.

Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8). * indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); ^# indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05).I = Control; II = Control + ECIS; III = SD12 + ECIS; IV = SD96 + ECIS; V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS

Figure 3. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in control and experimental groups.

Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8). * indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); # indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05).I = Control; II = Control + ECIS; III = SD12 + ECIS; IV = SD96 + ECIS; V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS

Figure 4. Immunoglobulin G levels in control and experimental groups. Data is Mean ± SEM n = 8, * indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); # indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05). I = Control, II = Control + ECIS, III = SD12 + ECIS, IV = SD96 + ECIS, V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS.

Figure 5. Immunoglobulin M levels in control and experimental groups. Data is Mean ± SEM n = 8, * indicates values that are significantly different compared to group II (p < 0.05); # indicates values that are significantly different compared to Group I (p < 0.05). I = Control, II = Control + ECIS, III = SD12 + ECIS, IV = SD96 + ECIS, V = DLR 12 + ECIS; VI = DLR96 + ECIS.

Figure 6. (A-F). Photomicrograph of the spleen in control and experimental groups (x400, Scale bar 50 μm).

Sections in group I (A) shows spleen with normal white pulp with no observable lesions. Animals in group II (B) exhibited follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, while the spleen samples from group III (C) showed congestion of the vascular spaces and moderate melanomacrophage hyperplasia. In group IV (D), samples exhibited spleen with moderate follicular lymphoid hyperplasia with tingible body macrophages. Samples from group V (E) showed moderate follicular lymphoid depletion, while samples in group VI (F) exhibited moderate follicular lymphoid and melanomacrophage hyperplasia as well as numerous tingible body macrophages.