External handheld loads affect scapular elevation and upward rotation during shoulder elevation tasks

Figures & data

Figure 1. Kinematic Marker placement.

Note: Reflective markers are labeled in red. Digitized points are labeled in black. Incisura Jugularis (IJ), Processus Xiphoideus (PX), Acromioclaviculare (AC), 7th cervical spinous process (C7), 8th thoracic spinous process (T8), Trigonum Scapulae (TS), Angulus Acromialis (AA), Angulus Inferior (AI).

Figure 2. Plot for mean differences between loaded and control (unloaded) trials during humeral ascent.

Note: Adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.

Table 1. Participant characteristics (n = 50).

Variable	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	30.4 ± 8.5
Height (cm)	170.6 ± 10.5
Weight (kg)	71.8 ± 16.8
Scapular Elevation (Deg)
Control	21.7 ± 8.2
50% Load	23.7 ± 8.4
100% Load	24.6 ± 8.8
125% Load	24.1 ± 8.2
Scapular Upward Rotation (Deg)
Control	80.8 ± 10.4
50% Load	81.2 ± 9.6
100% Load	82.5 ± 9.2
125% Load	83.5 ± 9.0

Figure 3. Forest plot for mean differences between loaded trials and unloaded (control) trials during humeral descent.

Note: Adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.

Figure 4. Forest plot for mean differences between loaded trials during humeral ascent.

Note: Adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.

Figure 5. Forest plot for mean difference for all loaded trials during descent.

Note: Adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.