Oxidative metabolism may be associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of the patients and controls according to the gender and sociodemographic data.

	Patient n (%)	Control n (%)	p
Male	55 (77.5)	60 (78.9)	>.062
Female	16 (22.5)	16 (21.1)	>.071
Smoker	45 (63.4)	53 (69.7)	>.086
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Number of cigarettes	32.1 ± 16.8	29.3 ± 10.3	>.068
Age	33.5 ± 10.8	33.7 ± 10.3	>.061

Note: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2. Comparison of TAL, TOL, and OSI levels between the patients and controls.

	Patient		Control
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	p
TAL^†	0.71	0.14	0.90	0.17	−9.263	. 001
TOL^‡	11.0	8.1	7.5	4.9	3.083	. 002
OSI^§	1.60	1.20	0.80	0.60	5.073	. 001

Note: SD, standard deviation.

^†Total oxidant level.

^‡Total antioxidant level.

^§Oxidative stress index.

Figure 1. Comparison of TAL, TOL, and OSI levels according to the patients and controls.

Table 3. Comparison of oxidative parameters of the patients and controls according to smoking status.

	Patient				Control
	Non-smoker		Smoker		Non-smoker		Smoker
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
TAL^†	0.68	0.15	0.72	0.12	0.90	0.17	0.96	0.17
TOL^‡	13.4	10.4	9.5	6.5	8.0	5.2	7.2	4.8
OSI^§	2.0	1.5	1.3	0.85	0.98	0.81	0.76	0.46

Note: SD, standard deviation.

^†Total oxidant level.

^‡Total antioxidant level.

^§Oxidative stress index.

Table 4. Correlations between biochemical parameters and PANSS, PANSS-P, PANSS-N, PANSS-G, and CGI-S scores.

	PANSS-T^||		PANSS-P^¶		PANSS-N**		PANSS-G^††		CGI-S^‡‡
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
TAL^†	−0.057	.64	−0.03	.90	−0.09	.47	−0.06	.63	−0.03	.83
TOL^‡	0.30	. 01	0.19	.11	0.36	.002	0.26	.03	0.31	.008
OSI^§	0.29	. 01	0.18	.14	0.38	.001	0.24	.03	0.31	.009

Note: Bold values are p < .05.

^†Total oxidant level.

^‡Total antioxidant level.

^§Oxidative stress index.

^|| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Total scores.

^¶Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Positive Scale.

**Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Negative Scale.

^†† Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-General Psychopathology Scale.

^‡‡ Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale.

Bold values are p < 0.05

Table 5. Comparison of oxidative parameters according to antipsychotics used for the treatment.

	TAP Mean ± SD	AAP Mean ± SD	CAP Mean ± SD	p	f
TAL	0.69 ± 0.14	0.72 ± 0.14	0.69 ± 0.14	.64	0.449
TOL	13.84 ± 11.29	8.81 ± 4.50	13.15 ± 9.77	.05	3.081
OSI	1.94 ± 1.47	1.27 ± 0.76	2.02 ± 1.43	.03*	3.626

Note: SD, standard deviation.

*Indicates statistically significant and p < .05.