Heterogeneity in sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors at the initiation of a lifestyle intervention for obesity within Germany: an APV multicenter study on 40,942 children and adolescents

Figures & data

Table 1. Cardiovascular risk factors of the whole APV study population.

	n
Obesity, %	40,942	86.7 (n = 35,497)
Extreme obesity, %	40,942	41.3 (n = 16,909)
Hypertension, %	32,282	54.9 (n = 17,722)
Dyslipidemia, %	25,374	34.5 (n = 8,754)
Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, %	22,094	2.5 (n = 552)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, %	17,933	15.4 (n = 2,762)

Table 2. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment modality, stratified by 16 federal states of Germany.

		Proportion of children and adolescents (%)
	Federal state of Germany	Obesity	Extreme obesity	Hypertension	Dyslipidemia	Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism	NAFLD	Inpatient treatment
Northern Germany	Schleswig-Holstein	87.0 (87.2)	39.4 (39.3)	59.8 (58.1)	35.6 (36.4)	1.8 (1.9)	13.1 (12.6)	77.0
	Hamburg	86.5 (85.8)	41.2 (41.2)	39.0 (42.4)	44.4 (39.7)	6.2 (4.6)	10.6 (11.2)	15.6
	Bremen	92.2 (92.1)	49.4 (49.5)	53.7 (52.9)	33.4 (34.5)	2.5 (2.6)	11.3 (11.0)	46.7
	Lower Saxony	88.5 (88.4)	44.1 (44.1)	54.6 (54.9)	35.1 (34.0)	1.3 (1.7)	14.4 (14.1)	50.2
	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	88.9 (89.3)	40.7 (40.7)	45.7 (42.9)	33.8 (37.9)	1.9 (1.7)	16.7 (16.1)	88.2
Eastern Germany	Berlin	84.8 (84.0)	39.9 (39.8)	58,9 (62.6)	33.7 (28.5)	2.1 (1.4)	12.6 (13.5)	11.2
	Brandenburg	82.6 (82.6)	35.6 (35.5)	58.4 (59.2)	31.4 (29.4)	0.7 (0.6)	11.5 (12.0)	47.5
	Saxony	84.8 (84.6)	38.1 (38.0)	49.3 (50.7)	31.5 (31.6)	1.2 (1.1)	10.8 (10.7)	45.0
	Saxony-Anhalt	88.2 (88.5)	42.4 (42.3)	63.0 (60.1)	28.7 (32.9)	1.4 (1.8)	9.4 (8.7)	87.8
	Thuringia	86.6 (86.6)	36.3 (36.3)	55.4 (53.8)	36.3 (37.2)	0.9 (1.0)	12.2 (12.0)	57.9
Western Germany	North Rhine-Westphalia	90.3 (90.2)	45.7 (45.7)	55.6 (56.3)	33.9 (32.9)	2.9 (2.7)	12.0 (11.9)	44.6
	Hesse	86.7 (86.6)	40.1 (40.1)	61.6 (61.1)	29.9 (30.3)	3.2 (3.4)	13.6 (13.2)	51.0
	Rhineland-Palatinate	87.9 (88.2)	39.7 (39.7)	68.1 (65.4)	24.9 (28.1)	2.8 (3.6)	14.9 (14.1)	81.6
	Saarland	94.1 (93.9)	50.8 (50.8)	56.0 (56.8)	44.6 (47.6)	3.3 (3.8)	20.4 (19.4)	30.2
Southern Germany	Baden-Württemberg	86.3 (86.3)	39.0 (39.0)	56.0 (57.0)	35.3 (33.1)	3.6 (3.1)	12.7 (12.9)	58.2
	Bavaria	86.0 (86.4)	40.5 (40.6)	51.4 (48.9)	33.3 (36.4)	1.4 (1.7)	13.7 (13.1)	84.3
p*		<0.0001 (<0.0001)	<0.0001 (<0.0001)	<0.0001 (<0.0001)	<0.0001 (<0.0001)	<0.0001 (<0.0001)	0.0041 (0.0225)	<0.0001

Estimates are derived from logistic regression models including sex, age, and migration background as confounders and federal state as independent variable. Cardiovascular risk factors were additionally adjusted for weight categories; values in parentheses were additionally adjusted for inpatient care; *p for differences between the 16 federal states of Germany.

Figure 1. Regional distribution of the prevalence of (a) extreme obesity, (b) hypertension, (c) dyslipidemia, (d) nonalcoholic fatty liver, (e) abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, (f) and the proportion with inpatient treatment. Adjusted estimates from logistic regression models. The limit of significance of two-sided tests was set at p < 0.05. The different colors reflect the lower, middle, and highest tertile.