Preparation and Characterization of Collagen–Hydroxyapatite Composite Used for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold

Figures & data

Table 1. Collagen–HA Composite Compositions

Specimen	Collagen:hydroxyapatite (wt. ratio)	Concentration of collagen solution (w/w)
CH1	1:1	0.5%
CH2	1:2	0.5%
CH3	1:4	0.5%
CH4	1:8	0.5%
CH5	1:1	1%

Figure 1. SEM of the porous collagen–HA scaffolds: (a) CH1, (b) CH2, (c) CH3, (d) CH4, (e) CH5.

Figure 2. TEM of the collagen–HA composites (CH1).

Figure 3. XRD pattern of the collagen–HA composites: (a) HA powder, (b) pure collagen, (c) CH1, (d) CH2.

Figure 4. The break strength of the collagen–HA composites.

Figure 5. SEM of MSCs cultured on scaffolds (arrow indicated MSCs): (a) CH1; (b) CH4.

Figure 6. Proliferation of MSCs on both scaffolds after 1, 4, and 7 days of culture.

Figure 7. The attachment of MSC on both scaffolds over 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours; the initial seeding density was 1 × 10⁵ cells/cm².