Primary Osteoblasts Response to Shock Wave Therapy Using Different Parameters

Figures & data

Table 1. Cell Count and Viability of sOB Reported for Shock Wave Energy, Total Impulses and Experimental Time (Mean, n = 2)

Therapy	Viability (%)
A1	1.27	85
A2	0.89	59
B1	1.17	78
B2	0.98	65
C1	0.43	29
C2	0.21	14
Control	1.29	86

Note: A1 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; A2 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; B1 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; B2 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; C1 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; C2 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; Control = no therapy.

Table 2. MTT Test and LDH in sOB Reported for Shock Wave Energy, Total Impulses and Experimental Time (Mean ± SD, n = 4)

Therapy	MTT assay (OD 550 nm)		LDH (IU/L)
	24 hours	48 hours	24 hours	48 hours
A1	0.22 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.0	6.55 ± 1.0	5.25 ± 0.49
A2	0.17 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	7.15 ± 1.48	6.85 ± 0.49
B1	0.17 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.02	6.50 ± 0.85	6.00 ± 0.14
B2	0.17 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.06	7.20 ± 0.57	6.60 ± 0.71
C1	0.05 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01	8.00 ± 2.26	6.35 ± 0.64
C2	0.04 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.06	9.05 ± 1.20	6.65 ± 1.20
Control	0.17 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	6.00 ± 0.99	6.10 ± 0.65
Kruskal Wallis' Anova exact test	P < 0.001	P < 0.01	Ns	ns.

Note: A1 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; A2 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; B1 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; B2 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; C1 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; C2 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; Control = no therapy.

^*P < 0.05. Mann Whitney U exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between experimental group and control.

^†P < 0.05. Wilcoxon's exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between 500 and 1000 impulses within the same experimental group.

Table 3. ALP and NO in sOB Reported for Shock Wave Energy, Total Impulses and Experimental Time (Mean ± SD, n = 4)

Therapy	ALP (IU/L)		NO (µM)
	24 hours	48 hours	24 hours	48 hours
A1	28.25 ± 0.50	25.73 ± 0.61	3.33 ± 0.21	3.75 ± 0.31
A2	27.55 ± 0.96	25.48 ± 0.89	3.15 ± 0.06	3.45 ± 0.13
B1	26.35 ± 0.41	24.95 ± 0.79	3.15 ± 0.13	3.15 ± 0.24
B2	26.55 ± 0.41	24.83 ± 0.70	3.00 ± 0.08	3.15 ± 0.47
C1	26.55 ± 1.02	25.00 ± 0.77	3.10 ± 0.22	3.28 ± 0.21
C2	24.90 ± 0.62	25.20 ± 0.73	2.95 ± 0.06	3.20 ± 0.24
Control	27.05 ± 0.68	25.87 ± 1.22	3.03 ± 0.10	3.20 ± 0.10
Kruskal Wallis' Anova exact test	P < 0.001	Ns	P < 0.01	P < 0.1

Note: A1 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; A2 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; B1 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; B2 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; C1 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; C2 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; Control = no therapy.

^*P < 0.05. Mann Whitney U exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between experimental group and control.

Table 4. OC and PICP in sOB Reported for Shock Wave Energy, Total Impulses and Experimental Time (Mean ± SD, n = 4)

Therapy	OC (ng/ml)		PICP (ng/ml)
	24 hours	48 hours	24 hours	48 hours
A1	30.00 ± 3.46	27.75 ± 2.63	1.92 ± 0.02	1.87 ± 0.08
A2	27.00 ± 1.15	27.00 ± 1.63	1.68 ± 0.06	1.70 ± 0.06,
B1	27.00 ± 2.31	26.00 ± 2.00	1.90 ± 0.05	1.82 ± 0.05,
B2	28.00 ± 1.15	26.50 ± 1.00	1.98 ± 0.05	1.63 ± 0.55
C1	25.00 ± 2.31	23.00 ± 2.71	1.25 ± 0.49	1.01 ± 0.18,
C2	24.00 ± 1.15	23.00 ± 1.63	1.35 ± 0.09	1.35 ± 0.34,
Control	25.00 ± 1.15	23.67 ± 1.15	2.05 ± 0.08	1.91 ± 0.04
Kruskal Wallis Anova exact test	P < 0.006	P < 0.01	P < 0.001	P < 0.001

Note: A1 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; A2 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; B1 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; B2 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; C1 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; C2 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; Control = no therapy.

^*P < 0.05. Mann Whitney U exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between experimental group and control.

^†P < 0.05. Wilcoxon's exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between 500 and 1000 impulses within the same experimental group.

Table 5. IL‐6 and TGF‐β1 in sOB Reported for Shock Wave Energy, Total Impulses and Experimental Time (Mean ± SD, n = 4)

Therapy	IL‐6 (pg/ml)		TGF‐β1 (pg/ml)
	24 hours	48 hours	24 hours	48 hours
A1	8.10 ± 0.28	8.30 ± 0.14	777.75 ± 194.77	691.25 ± 38.38
A2	7.85 ± 0.49	7.55 ± 0.92	749.50 ± 56.34	700.00 ± 32.91
B1	8.35 ± 1.06	7.70 ± 0.28	760.00 ± 36.51	703.75 ± 22.87
B2	8.35 ± 0.78	8.65 ± 0.21	740.00 ± 42.43	696.25 ± 25.62
C1	8.60 ± 0.42	7.75 ± 0.35	597.00 ± 41.10	621.25 ± 20.97
C2	8.50 ± 0.85	8.00 ± 0.42	602.50 ± 21.02	648.75 ± 10.31
Control	8.15 ± 0.64	7.90 ± 0.58	746.25 ± 20.56	693.75 ± 27.80
Kruskal Wallis Anova exact test	ns	Ns	P < 0.01	P < 0.05

Note: A1 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; A2 = 14 kV and 0.15 mJ/mm² —1000 impulses; B1 = 21 KV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; B2 = 21 kV and 0.31 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; C1 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—500 impulses; C2 = 28 kV and 0.40 mJ/mm²—1000 impulses; Control = no therapy.

^†P < 0.05. Wilcoxon's exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between 500 and 1000 impulses within the same experimental group.

^*P < 0.05. Mann Whitney U exact test with Monte Carlo Method—Difference between experimental group and control.