Figures & data
Figure 1. Malaria life cycle and antimalarial drug Plasmodium stage targets. Plasmodium sporozoites travel from the salivary glands of the anopheline mosquito through the bloodstream of the human host to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes and divide to form multinucleated schizonts. Hypnozoites can be found in P. vivax and P. ovale infections as a quiescent stage in the liver. Liver schizonts rupture and release merozoites into the circulation, where they invade red blood cells. Within the red cells, merozoites mature from ring forms to trophozoites to multinucleated schizonts. Some merozoites differentiate into male or female gametocytes that can then be ingested by the anopheline mosquito. The Plasmodium cycle is completed in the mosquito gut. Capital letters indicate the Plasmodium-stage targets of antimalarial drugs.
Figure 2. Global malaria distribution 2008.
Table 1. Classification of antimalarial drugs according to the chemical structure.
Table 2. Currently recommended drugs for treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy by WHO region.
Figure 3. Global HIV/AIDS prevalence distribution 2007.
