Reducing the risk of music-induced hearing loss from overuse of portable listening devices: understanding the problems and establishing strategies for improving awareness in adolescents

Figures & data

Table 1 Recommended curriculum components of a hearing-conservation program for portable listening device users

Hearing loss

Hearing loss occurs gradually, invisibly, and incipiently in development.

Hearing loss has significant impacts on communication and social relationships.

Prevention techniques

‘80–90 rule’ may help to prevent overexposure.

Use of isolating earphones in noisy environments is recommended.

Presence of temporary tinnitus suggests overexposure.

Healthy listening behaviors should extend to other noisy activities, including the use of hearing protection in noise.

Other safety messages

Music and earphones should not impede conversation.

Music can mask auditory warning signals, such as sounds of traffic on a busy street.

Earphones should not be worn when operating a motor vehicle or bicycle.

Note: Information summarized from Punch et al.⁷⁴

PunchJLElfenbeinJLJamesRRTargeting hearing health messages for users of personal listening devicesAm J Audiol201120698221474557

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