Exploring the individual determinants of evidence uptake in allied health using a journal club as a medium

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of significant findings for all allied health disciplines²¹

Allied health disciplines	EBP uptake	Attitude	Objective knowledge (AFT)	Self-reported knowledge
Speech pathology	x	x	✓	✓
Physiotherapy	✓	✓	✓	✓
Social work	✓	x	✓	✓
Occupational therapy	x	x	✓	✓
Dietetics/nutrition	✓	x	✓	✓

Abbreviations: AFT, Adapted Fresno test; EBP, evidence-based practice.

Figure 1 Summary of the steps involved in the intervention.

Abbreviations: iCAHE, International Center for Allied Health Evidence; JC, journal club; PECOT, population, exposure, comparison, outcome, timeframe; PICO, population, intervention, comparison, outcome.

Table 2 Evidence uptake outcome in different clusters of allied health practitioners

Variable	PT, SW, DN (N = 47)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 20)	19.7 ± 4.5	23.0 ± 5.4	20.2 (5.4–34.9)
Postgraduate (N = 27)	20.5 ± 9.3	27.6 ± 7.7	69.2 (25.9–112.5)
P-value			0.07
No EBP/res training (N = 25)	18.4 ± 6.3	25.3 ± 6.6	59.7 (17.5–101.8)
With EBP/res training (N = 22)	22.0 ± 8.6	26.0 ± 7.8	35.5 (5.5–65.5)
P-value			0.38
No res involvement (N = 27)	18.7 ± 6.8	25.0 ± 7.6	60.9 (17.5–104.3)
With res involvement (N = 18)	22.1 ± 8.3	26.1 ± 6.6	30.6 (9.2–52.1)
P-value			0.30
6 JC sessions (N = 5)	25.2 ± 3.4	28.6 ± 5.1	13.5 (1.7–25.2)
5 JC sessions (N = 21)	17.2 ± 6.6	26.6 ± 7.4	82.4 (31.2–133.6)
4 JC sessions (N = 10)	22.8 ± 11.2	25.4 ± 7.4	38.1 (−6.0–82.2)
2–3 JC sessions (N = 3)	18.3 ± 2.5	24.3 ± 12.0	31.3 (−40.4–103.1)
P-value			0.41
	SP, OT (N = 46)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 33)	20.4 ± 7.8	21.9 ± 7.7	24.8 (−2.9–52.5)
Postgraduate (N = 13)	27.9 ± 7.2	31.2 ± 7.9	15.4 (−0.2–31.0)
P-value			0.67
No EBP/res training (N = 23)	23.4 ± 8.4	25.8 ± 9.8	14.3 (0.4–28.2)
With EBP/res training (N = 22)	21.5 ± 8.3	23.1 ± 7.7	31.3 (−8.7–71.3)
P-value			0.43
No res involvement (N = 29)	22.8 ± 7.6	23.3 ± 8.5	7.6 (−5.3–20.5)
With res involvement (N = 17)	22.2 ± 9.6	26.6 ± 9.1	46.9 (−2.0–95.9)
P-value			0.06
6 JC sessions (N = 11)	24.7 ± 8.9	24.5 ± 10.3	0.6 (−13.5–14.8)
5 JC sessions (N = 18)	22.8 ± 9.3	29.1 ± 7.0	53.9 (9.3–98.5)
4 JC sessions (N = 6)	17.5 ± 7.0	22.3 ± 6.2	36.8 (4.0–69.6)
3 JC sessions (N = 2)	26.0 ± 8.5	14.5 ± 4.9	−37.8 (−92.3–16.7)
2 JC sessions (N = 3)	23.7 ± 1.2	15.7 ± 10.0	−34.9 (−78.9–9.2)
P-value			0.11

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians/nutritionists; EBP, evidence-based practice; JC, journal club; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 5 Knowledge (self-reported knowledge) outcome in different clusters of allied health practitioners

Variable	SP, PT, SW, OT, DN (N = 93)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 53)	54.6 ± 12.2	60.5 ± 12.2	13.5 (7.8–19.3)
Postgraduate (N = 40)	58.4 ± 13.0	67.5 ± 9.2	19.8 (12.0–27.6)
P-value			0.19
No EBP/res training (N = 48)	58.4 ± 13.0	67.5 ± 9.2	17.4 (10.1–24.6)
With EBP/res training (N = 44)	57.6 ± 12.4	64.6 ± 10.7	15.3 (9.2–21.4)
P-value			0.67
No res involvement (N = 56)	52.2 ± 11.9	59.9 ± 11.8	18.3 (11.4–25.2)
With res involvement (N = 35)	62.3 ± 11.1	69.0 ± 8.4	13.1 (7.3–19.0)
P-value			0.31
6 JC sessions (N = 16)	61.4 ± 13.9	69.1 ± 11.8	15.8 (5.7–26.0)
5 JC sessions (N = 39)	54.7 ± 12.9	65.7 ± 9.6	24.7 (16.9–32.5)
4 JC sessions (N = 16)	56.2 ± 12.8	65.4 ± 8.4	20.0 (9.4–30.7)
3 JC sessions (N = 3)	59.3 ± 14.0	54.3 ± 6.3	−6.4 (−22.9–10.0)
2 JC sessions (N = 5)	55.6 ± 7.1	54.6 ± 15.4	−1.8 (−21.8–18.1)
P-value			0.04

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians/nutritionists; EBP, evidence-based practice; JC, journal club; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologist; SW, social worker.

Table 3 Attitude outcome in different clusters of allied health practitioners

Variable	PT (N = 19)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 7)	17.1 ± 2.7	18.4 ± 4.4	8.7 (−12.7–30.2)
Postgraduate (N = 12)	20.2 ± 3.5	23.9 ± 3.1	20.0 (11.9–28.1)
P-value			0.27
No EBP/res training (N = 6)	20.2 ± 2.2	23.8 ± 4.0	18.5 (3.3–33.6)
With EBP/res training (N = 13)	18.5 ± 3.9	21.0 ± 4.5	14.7 (2.5–26.8)
P-value			0.72
No res involvement (N = 16)	19.3 ± 3.3	21.4 ± 4.7	11.1 (4.0–18.1)
With res involvement (N = 3)	18.0 ± 5.2	24.3 ± 2.1	41.4 (1.9–80.9)
P-value			0.02
5 to 6 JC sessions (N = 10)	19.0 ± 3.6	23.0 ± 3.7	23.3 (9.2–37.4)
4 JC sessions (N = 4)	18.5 ± 2.6	22.0 ± 5.5	17.8 (−0.9–36.4)
3 JC sessions (N = 0)	NA	NA	NA
2 JC sessions (N = 2)	21.0 ± 4.2	21.0 ± 7.1	−1.4 (−20.4–17.7)
P-value			0.36
	SP, SW, OT, DN (N = 74)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 46)	20.8 ± 2.9	21.4 ± 3.2	4.0 (−0.4–8.4)
Postgraduate (N = 28)	21.5 ± 3.5	21.9 ± 3.7	2.6 (−2.5–7.7)
P-value			0.68
No EBP/res training (N = 42)	20.8 ± 3.4	22.0 ± 3.4	6.4 (2.6–10.2)
With EBP/res training (N = 31)	21.5 ± 2.7	21.2 ± 3.3	−0.4 (−6.3–5.5)
P-value			0.05
No res involvement (N = 40)	20.8 ± 3.1	21.7 ± 3.2	4.9 (1.0–8.8)
With res involvement (N = 32)	21.5 ± 3.1	21.7 ± 3.6	1.8 (−3.4–6.9)
P-value			0.33
6 JC sessions (N = 15)	21.4 ± 3.5	22.3 ± 4.3	5.7 (−4.2–15.6)
5 JC sessions (N = 30)	20.9 ± 3.4	21.8 ± 2.8	6.1 (1.7–10.5)
4 JC sessions (N = 12)	21.7 ± 2.5	22.1 ± 3.1	3.3 (−6.9–13.5)
3 JC sessions (N = 3)	18.7 ± 3.5	15.7 ± 1.5	−14.8 (−27.2 to –2.4)
2 JC sessions (N = 3)	20.0 ± 2.6	19.7 ± 5.1	−2.4 (−22.1–17.2)
P-value			0.25

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians/nutritionists; EBP, evidence-based practice; JC, journal club; NA, not applicable; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 4 Knowledge (Adapted Fresno Test) outcome in different clusters of allied health practitioners

Variable	SP, PT, SW, OT, DN (N = 93)
	Pretest score Mean ± SD	Posttest score Mean ± SD	Mean percentage change (95% CI)
Undergraduate (N = 53)	25.1 ± 11.8	52.7 ± 23.9	150.4 (104.3–196.4)
Postgraduate (N = 40)	28.1 ± 12.5	66.4 ± 21.0	208.4 (128.9–287.8)
P-value			0.19
No EBP/res training (N = 48)	23.0 ± 12.0	54.6 ± 24.4	206.7 (132.1–281.4)
With EBP/res training (N = 44)	30.4 ± 11.1	63.9 ± 21.0	145.0 (105.4–184.6)
P-value			0.17
No res involvement (N = 56)	25.0 ± 13.4	58.1 ± 25.0	204.2 (137.8–270.6)
With res involvement (N = 35)	29.2 ± 9.5	60.1 ± 21.8	128.2 (88.3–168.1)
P-value			0.10
6 JC sessions (N = 16)	30.2 ± 12.1	63.4 ± 23.7	144.1 (76.9–211.3)
5 JC sessions (N = 39)	23.8 ± 10.7	63.5 ± 17.2	246.4 (167.5–325.3)
4 JC sessions (N = 16)	29.5 ± 13.7	67.1 ± 19.8	196.7 (89.1–304.3)
3 JC sessions (N = 3)	36.1 ± 10.0	76.3 ± 6.0	127.5 (29.1–225.9)
2 JC sessions (N = 5)	26.3 ± 9.1	64.6 ± 23.1	168.8 (41.9–210.7)
P-value			0.53

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians/nutritionists; EBP, evidence-based practice; JC, journal club; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 6 Potential predictors of evidence uptake following journal club exposure

Variable	PT, SW, DN OR (95% CI) (N = 47)
Academic background	2.18 (0.67–7.09)
Previous EBP/res training	0.32 (0.09–1.06)
Previous res involvement	1.35 (0.41–4.46)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	2.62 (0.67–10.35)
	SP, OT OR (95% CI) (N = 46)
Academic background	2.33 (0.63–8.64)
Previous EBP/res training	1.08 (0.33–3.55)
Previous res involvement	2.50 (0.73–8.60)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	1.63 (0.39–6.81)

Note: *Median: 15.78.

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians; EBP, evidence based practice; JC, journal club; OR, odds ratio; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 7 Potential predictors of attitude change following journal club exposure

Variable	SP, SW, OT, DN OR (95% CI) (N = 74)
Academic background	1.56 (0.60–4.02)
Previous EBP/res training	0.55 (0.21–1.43)
Previous res involvement	0.84 (0.33–2.14)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	1.04 (0.35–3.12)
	PT OR (95% CI) (N = 19)
Academic background	12.50 (1.34–116.79)
Previous EBP/res training	0.80 (0.10–6.10)
Previous res involvement	1.20 (0.09–16.24)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	2.00 (0.20–19.91)

Note: *Median: 4.76.

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians; EBP, evidence based practice; JC, journal club; OR, odds ratio; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 8 Potential predictors of knowledge outcome (Adapted Fresno Test) following journal club exposure

Variable	PT, SW, DN, SP, OT OR (95% CI) (N = 93)
Academic background	1.21 (0.53–2.75)
Previous EBP/res training	1.18 (0.52–2.68)
Previous res involvement	0.67 (0.28–1.57)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	1.09 (0.42–2.86)

Note: *Median: 130.00

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians; EBP, evidence based practice; JC, journal club; OR, odds ratio; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social workers.

Table 9 Potential predictors of knowledge outcome (selfreported knowledge) following journal club exposure

Variable	PT, SW, DN, SP, OT OR (95% CI) (N = 93)
Academic background	1.01 (0.44–2.31)
Previous EBP/res training	1.41 (0.62–3.20)
Previous res involvement	0.75 (0.32–1.75)
Number of JC sessions attended (5–6 sessions versus 2–4 sessions)	1.77 (0.67–4.66)

Note: *Median: 12.96.

Abbreviations: DN, dieticians/nutrionists; EBP, evidence-based practice; JC, journal club; OR, odds ratio; OT, occupational therapists; PT, physiotherapists; res, research; SP, speech pathologists; SW, social worker.

LizarondoLGrimmer-SomersKKumarSCrockettADoes journal club membership improve research evidence uptake in allied health: a pre-post studyBMC Res Notes2012558823106851

 PubMedGoogle Scholar