Cross-cultural challenges for assessing medical professionalism among clerkship physicians in a Middle Eastern country (Bahrain): feasibility and psychometric properties of multisource feedback

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive statistics, item analysis, and factor analysis

Q		N	M	SD	% UA	Self (mean)	SD	Factors identified by factor analysis
								Comm	Colla	Profe
Q1	Maintains confidentiality of patients	267	4.40	0.73	12.1	4.55	0.66			0.78
Q2	Recognizes boundaries when dealing with other physicians	285	4.38	0.76	9.20	4.50	0.79			0.82
Q3	Recognizes boundaries when dealing with other health care professionals	285	4.40	0.75	9.20	4.75	0.62			0.79
Q4	Shows professional and ethical behavior	291	4.46	0.77	7.30	4.77	0.44			0.68
Q5	Is punctual, and performs tasks in a time-appropriate manner	283	4.27	0.88	9.80	4.58	0.67		0.66
Q6	Is able to handle situations in a professional manner and exhibits self-control, avoiding emotional outbursts in stressful situations	273	4.16	0.84	13.0	4.00	0.71		0.53
Q7	Respects patient’s autonomy and right to be involved in his/her own management	276	4.39	0.71	12.1	4.77	0.44		0.57
Q8	Is reliable and responsible when performing his duties	288	4.30	0.86	8.28	4.77	0.56		0.72
Q9	Is honest and handles his/her duties in a dignified manner	284	4.40	0.74	9.55	4.77	0.44		0.68
Q10	Accepts constructive criticism and develops goals for improvement	265	4.13	0.85	15.6	4.46	0.66		0.65
Q11	Respects cultural, individual, and role differences including age, sex, race, religion, disability, language, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status	281	4.51	0.66	10.5	4.84	0.37			0.63
Q12	Follows institutional policies and procedures	285	4.32	0.79	9.23	4.61	0.65		0.73
Q13	Arrives on time to scheduled appointments and hospital activities	279	4.23	0.88	14.3	4.53	0.66		0.77
Q14	Manages health care resources efficiently	263	4.27	0.73	15.9	4.33	0.65			0.49
Q15	Leads with respect and fair treatment of colleagues	279	4.37	0.72	11.1	4.61	0.51			0.56
Q16	Communicates efficiently and in a clear, understandable fashion with colleagues within his/her team	285	4.40	0.75	9.23	4.60	0.76	0.64
Q17	Communicates efficiently and in a clear, understandable, and compassionate way with patients	275	4.39	0.76	12.4	4.53	0.77	0.69
Q18	Allows the patient to elaborate about his condition	273	4.34	0.76	16.2	4.38	0.76	0.72
Q19	Communicates efficiently and in a clear, understandable, and compassionate way with patients’ families	261	4.28	0.80	16.8	4.33	0.77	0.69
Q20	Communicates clearly and effectively with other health care workers eg, nurses	281	4.33	0.77	10.5	4.46	0.76	0.59
Q21	Explains what is being done for the patient during examination or procedures	255	4.23	0.77	18.7	4.38	0.87	0.68
Q22	Communicates purpose and results of investigations to patients well	251	4.21	0.78	12.0	4.10	0.83	0.73
Q23	Follows up appropriately and in a timely manner on patients’ hospital course	259	4.22	0.83	17.5	4.30	0.75		0.56
Q24	Communicates management options to patients in a clear, understandable way, taking into account the patients’ opinions	264	4.24	0.78	15.9	4.23	0.92	0.70
Q25	Displays empathy in dealing with patients by eye contact and verbal responses	274	4.30	0.78	12.7	4.46	0.76		0.57
Q26	Summarizes the information given for the patient in small quantities, with concrete explanations and understandable language	252	4.23	0.79	19.7	4.23	0.72	0.69
Q27	Maintains calm in emergency situations, in order to communicate information clearly to his/her seniors	235	4.19	0.78	25.1	4.10	0.79	0.60
Q28	Communicates accurate patient information to physicians from other departments when required to do so	247	3.27	0.80	21.3	4.23	0.83	0.69
Q29	Manages to work well as part of a health care team	286	4.32	0.81	8.90	4.61	0.65	0.61
Q30	Facilitates the learning of medical colleagues and coworkers	254	4.29	0.79	19.1	4.39	0.65	0.68
Q31	Collaborates well with nurses and other health care workers	280	4.32	0.81	8.90	4.53	0.77	0.65
Q32	Concerned about the safety of patients and coworkers	269	4.51	0.82	14.3	4.69	0.63		0.60
Q33	Coordinates patient care efficiently	269	4.30	0.77	14.2	4.61	0.66		0.61
Q34	Collaborates with other health care workers in order to achieve optimal patient care	276	4.23	0.84	12.1	4.69	0.63		0.65
Q35	Participates in a system of call in order to provide care for patients	273	4.32	0.83	13.0	4.75	0.62		0.65
Q36	Provides appropriate guidance and help to team members on regular basis	247	4.24	0.83	21.3	4.50	0.67		0.61
Q37	Takes on extra work, when appropriate, to help the team	269	4.13	0.93	14.3	4.46	0.66		0.69
Q38	Enables the team to achieve agreements for team process and collaborative completion of assignment	247	4.22	0.81	21.3	4.50	0.67		0.67
Q39	Participates fully in collaborative process and fulfilled team agreements	256	4.22	0.80	18.4	4.58	0.67		0.68

Abbreviations: Colla, collaboration; Comm, communication skills; M, mean; N, number of respondents; Profe, professionalism; Q, question; SD, standard deviation; Self, self-assessment; UA, unable to assess.

Table 2 G study. The number of raters required and the generalizability coefficient

Number of raters	Ep^2
1	0.302
2	0.464
3	0.565
4	0.634
5	0.684
6	0.722
7	0.752
8	0.776
9	0.796
10	0.812

Note: Coefficients were based on a D study.

Abbreviation: Ep², generalizability coefficient.