The efficacy of a pseudo-ceramide and eucalyptus extract containing lotion on dry scalp skin

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structure of the pseudo-ceramide (cetyl PG hydroxyethyl palmitamide) used in this study.

Figure 2 The scalp was divided into 23 areas for the assessment of symptoms that were rated on a scale of 1–4.

Figure 3 Changes in daily temperature and relative humidity during the evaluation period.

Note: The double-sided horizontal arrow indicates the term of usage of the scalp lotion, and the vertical arrows indicate the evaluation times.

Figure 4 Differences in the severity of scaling (A) and erythema (B) at week 0 in the scalp region.

Notes: Each column indicates the number of subjects with the range of average scores. ^*p<0.05 and ^**p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Figure 5 Typical clinical features at weeks 0 and 4.

Notes: (A) A 23-year-old female subject with mild atopic dermatitis. (B) A 51-year-old female subject with seborrheic dermatitis.

Table 1 Dryness, scaling, erythema, and itchiness on the scalp of subjects with AD or SD/PC at weeks 0, 2, and 4

Score	Total			AD			SD/PC
Dryness	W0	W2	W4	W0	W2	W4	W0	W2	W4
1 (none)	3	4	5	1	1	2	2	3	3
2 (slight)	11	16	17	6	10	11	5	6	6
3 (mild)	12	6	7	8	3	2	4	3	5
4 (moderate)	5	7	5	2	4	4	3	3	1
5 (severe)	3	1	0	2	1	0	1	0	0
p-value	*	**	−	ns	ns	−	ns	*
Scaling
1 (none)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2 (slight)	4	15	15	3	10	9	1	5	6
3 (mild)	17	9	11	10	3	5	7	6	6
4 (moderate)	7	9	7	3	5	4	4	4	3
5 (severe)	6	1	1	3	1	1	3	0	0
p-value	−	**	**	−	*	*	−	**	**
Erythema
1 (none)	6	6	12	2	2	6	4	4	6
2 (slight)	11	18	12	6	11	8	5	7	9
3 (mild)	8	3	8	6	2	3	2	1	0
4 (moderate)	7	7	2	4	4	2	3	3	0
5 (severe)	2	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
p-value	−	**	**	−	ns	**	−	ns	**
Itchiness
1 (none)	2	6	9	2	5	6	0	1	3
2 (slight)	5	12	15	4	6	9	1	6	6
3 (mild)	12	11	5	6	5	2	6	6	3
4 (moderate)	15	4	4	7	2	1	8	2	3
5 (severe)	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
p-value	−	**	**	−	*	**	−	**	**

Notes:

* p<0.05,

** p<0.01, and “ns” indicates no significant difference from week 0. Obtained using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; SD, seborrheic dermatitis; PC, pityriasis capitis.

Figure 6 Itchiness evaluated by VAS at weeks 0, 2, and 4. 0 mm indicates no itch and 100 mm represents a maximum intensity of itch.

Note: ^**p<0.01, a significant difference from week 0, obtained using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance test.
Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale.

Figure 7 MRA (A) and TEWL (B) on the scalp at weeks 0, 2, and 4.

Notes: Open circles indicate the MRA and TEWL value of normal healthy scalp skin indicated in our previous report (average ± SD).^21**p<0.01, a significant difference from week 0, obtained using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance test.
Abbreviations: MRA, moisture-retention ability; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.

Figure 8 QoL evaluated by the Skindex-16^® at weeks 0 and 4.

Note: ^**p<0.01, a significant difference from week 0, obtained using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance test.
Abbreviation: QoL, quality of life.

TakagiYTakatokuHTerazakiHNakamuraTIshidaKKitaharaTThe scalp has a lower stratum corneum function with a lower sensory input than other areas of the skin evaluated by the electrical current perception thresholdCosmetics201524384393

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