Prevalence of mental health disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: an Australian outpatient cohort

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical participant characteristics

Characteristics	N	%
Sex
Male	39	48.1
Female	42	51.9
Location born
Australia	61	75.1
New Zealand	2	2.5
Europe (UK)	8	9.8
Europe (other)	3	3.7
Asia	2	2.4
Middle East	3	3.7
South Africa	1	1.2
Not identified	1	1.2
Highest education
Primary school	1	1.2
Secondary school	34	42
Certificate/diploma	22	27.1
Undergraduate degree	18	22.2
Postgraduate degree	5	6.2
Not identified	1	1.2
Relationship status
Married or with partner	45	55.6
Single	35	43.5
Not identified	1	1.2
Have children
Yes	32	39.5
No	49	60.5
Employment status
Full-time	32	39.5
Part-time	8	9.9
Casual	7	8.6
Retired	2	2.5
Home duties	4	4.9
Student	9	11.1
Unemployed	10	12.3
Other	9	11.1
Disease type
CD	56	69.1
UC	25	30.9
Stoma
Yes	3	3.7
No	78	96.3
Medications
Aminosalicylates	32	39.5
Antibiotics	3	3.7
Corticosteroids	15	18.5
Immunomodulators	23	28.4
Biologic	27	33.3
Not reported	11	13.6

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.

Table 2 Sensitivity of MINI diagnosis across HADS subscale scores

MINI diagnosis	HADS-anxiety
	<7	8–10	<11
MINI diagnosis–anxiety
Yes, n (%)	3 (15.8)	5 (26.3)	11 (57.9)
No, n (%)	43 (69.4)	11 (17.7)	8 (12.9)
	HADS-depression
	<7	8–10	>11
MINI diagnosis–depression
Yes, n (%)	12 (57.1)	1 (4.8)	8 (38.1)
No, n (%)	51 (85.0)	6 (10.0)	3 (5.0)

Abbreviations: MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Table 3 Mean and standard deviations of study variables by IBD type, IBD status, sex, presence of stoma, presence of depressive or anxiety disorder, and if currently seeking treatment

Conditions	MI		HADS-D		HADS-A
	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)
Total sample	81	4.16 (1.55)	81	5.08 (4.44)	81	6.95 (4.60)
IBD type
CD	56	4.16 (1.46)	56	5.35 (4.90)	56	7.21 (4.75)
UC	25	4.16 (1.75)	25	4.46 (3.20)	25	6.37 (4.26)
P-value		>0.05		>0.05		>0.05
IBD status
Active	65	4.79 (>96)	65	5.75 (4.55)	65	7.58 (4.67)
Remission	16	1.62 (>50)	16	2.34 (2.62)	16	4.39 (3.27)
P-value		<0.001		<0.01		<0.05
Mood disorder presenta
Yes	9	5.33 (>71)	9	13.33 (2.24)	9	13.33 (3.61)
No	72	4.03 (1.58)	71	4.05 (3.46)	72	6.16 (4.07)
P-value		<0.05		<0.001		<0.001
Anxiety disorder presenta
Yes	16	4.94 (>93)	16	8.19 (4.81)	16	12.75 (3.04)
No	65	3.97 (1.61)	65	4.31 (4.03)	65	5.53 (3.71)
P-value		<0.05		<0.001		<0.001
Currently seeking treatment
Yes	17	4.65 (1.32)	17	9.29 (5.06)	17	9.29 (5.06)
No	64	4.03 (1.58)	64	6.33 (4.29)	64	6.33 (4.29)
P-value		>0.05		<0.01		<0.05

Note:

a Based on participates meeting MINI DSM criteria and the associated HADS subscale score >8.

Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MI, Manitoba Index; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-A, HADS-anxiety subscale; HADS-D, HADS-depression subscale; SD, standard deviation; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease.

Table 4 Distribution of anxiety conditions by total sample, IBD status, and currently seeking treatment

Conditions	Total sample		Total samplea		IBD statusa				Currently seeking treatmenta
	N	%	N	%	N	Active	N	Remission	N	Yes	N	No
Panic disorder
Yes	3	3.7%	3	3.7%	3	4.6%	0	0%	3	17.6%	0	0%
No	78	96.3%	78	96.3%	62	95.4%	16	100%	14	82.4%	64	100%
Panic disorder (current)
Yes	1	1.2%	1	1.2%	1	1.5%	0	0%	1	5.9%	0	0%
No	80	98.8%	80	98.8%	64	98.5%	16	100%	16	94.1%	64	100%
Panic disorder (lifetime)
Yes	2	2.5%	2	2.5%	2	3.1%	0	0%	2	11.8%	0	0%
No	79	97.5%	79	97.5%	63	96.9%	16	100%	15	88.2%	64	100%
Social anxiety disorder
Yes	6	7.4%	6	7.4%	6	9.2%	0	0%	3	17.6%	3	4.7%
No	75	92.6%	75	92.6%	59	90.8%	16	100%	14	82.4%	61	95.3%
Generalized anxiety disorder
Yes	12	14.8%	9	11.1%	11	16.9%	0	0%	5	29.4%	7	10.9%
No	69	85.2%	72	88.9%	54	83.1%	16	100%	12	70.6%	57	85.2%
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Yes	6	7.4%	5	6.2%	5	7.7%	0	0%	3	17.6%	3	4.7%
No	75	92.6%	76	93.8%	60	92.3%	16	100%	14	82.4%	61	95.3%
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Yes	3	3.7%	3	3.7%	3	4.6%	0	0%	2	11.8%	1	1.6%
No	78	96.3%	78	96.3%	62	95.4%	16	100%	15	88.2%	63	98.4%
Anxiety disorder present
Yes	19	23.5%	16	19.8%	16	24.6%	0	0%	8	47.1%	8	12.5%
No	62	74.1%	65	80.2%	49	75.4%	16	100%	9	52.9%	56	87.5%

Note:

a Based on participates meeting MINI DSM criteria and a HADS-anxiety subscale score >8.

Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Table 5 Distribution of depressive conditions by total sample, IBD status, and currently seeking treatment

Conditions	Total sample		Total samplea		IBD statusa				Currently seeking treatmenta
	N	%	N	%	N	Active	N	Remission	N	Yes	N	No
Major depressive episode
Yes	13	16.0%	8	9.9	8	12.3%	0	0%	5	29.4%	3	4.7%
No	68	84.0%	73	90.1	57	87.7%	16	100%	12	70.6%	61	95.3%
Major depressive episode (current)
Yes	6	7.4%	3	3.7	3	4.6%	0	0%	3	17.6%	0	0%
No	75	92.6%	78	96.3	62	95.4%	16	100%	14	82.4%	64	100%
Major depressive episode (recurrent)
Yes	7	8.6%	5	6.2	5	7.7%	0	0%	2	11.8%	3	4.7%
No	74	91.4%	76	93.8	60	92.3%	16	100%	15	88.2%	61	95.3%
Dysthymia
Yes	8	9.9%	1	1.2	1	1.5%	0	0%	0	0%	1	1.6%
No	73	90.1%	80	98.8	64	98.5%	16	100%	17	100%	63	98.4%
Depressive disorder present
Yes	21	25.9%	9	11.1	9	13.8%	0	0%	5	29.4%	4	6.3%
No	60	74.1%	72	88.9	56	86.2%	16	100%	12	70.6%	60	93.8%

Note:

a Based on participates meeting MINI DSM criteria and a HADS-depression subscale score >8.

Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.