Effects of short-term Nordic walking training on sarcopenia-related parameters in women with low bone mass: a preliminary study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Recruitment process.

Abbreviation: BMD, bone mineral density.

Table 1 Results of the participant variables analyzed in this study

Variables	EG			CG
	Pre	Post	P-value	Pre	Post	P-value	Interaction
Anthropometry
BM (kg)	68.27±9.40	67.24±9.19*	<0.001	70.82±10.55	70.71±10.68	0.79	Time
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.76±3.88	26.36±3.79*	<0.001	27.57±3.08	27.53±3.20	0.82	Time, time vs group
Body composition
SM (kg)	23.37±2.69	23.86±2.83*	0.01	23.38±2.39	23.39±2.40	0.88	Time, time vs group
PBF (%)	36.03±6.62	34.08±6.26*	<0.001	38.02±5.72	37.98±5.34	0.92	Time, time vs group
SMI (kg/m^2)	9.14±0.85	9.33±0.84*	0.01	9.11±0.51	9.12±0.52	0.87	Time, time vs group
Biodex System 4 Pro™ knee extensor
PKTQ (Nm)	104.05±29.00	115.60±33.30*	0.03	109.88±26.50	104.67±22.04	0.05	Time vs group
Mean PKTQ (Nm)	97.97±28.79	108.91±32.14*	0.02	104.41±24.78	100.33±22.41	0.08	Time vs group
PKTQ/BM (Nm/kg)	1.53±0.36	1.72±0.44*,†	0.02	1.56±0.31	1.49±0.29	0.12	Time vs group
Biodex System 4 Pro™ knee flexor
PKTQ (Nm)	41.65±14.26	50.93±15.54*,†	<0.001	39.92±14.18	41.30±11.09	0.16	Time, group, time vs group
Mean PKTQ (Nm)	38.65±13.74	48.16±15.27*,†	<0.001	37.04±14.09	39.42±11.19	0.08	Time, group, time vs group
PKTQ/BM (Nm/kg)	0.62±0.20	0.76±0.20*,†	<0.001	0.57±0.19	0.59±0.17	0.34	Time, group, time vs group
Hand grip
PK (kg)	22.74±3.99	23.11±4.38	0.44	22.06±3.38	21.29±2.76	0.27	NS
Mean PK (kg)	21.48±3.93	21.51±4.33	0.95	20.16±3.24	19.16±2.67	0.14	NS
PK/BM (kg)	0.34±0.06	0.35±0.07	0.11	0.32±0.06	0.31±0.06	0.26	NS
TUG (s)	5.81±0.56	5.27±0.79*	<0.001	5.65±0.56	5.66±0.59	0.80	Time, time vs group
6MWD (m)	611.22±51.43	672.96±55.51*,†	<0.001	608.93±79.30	600.43±78.63	0.23	Time, time vs group

Notes: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation; Pre, measurements at baseline; Post, measurements after 12 weeks of NW training;

* significantly different from pre, P<0.05;

† significantly different between groups, P<0.05.

Abbreviations: EG, experimental group (n=23); CG, control group (n=22); BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; SM, skeletal muscle mass; PBF, percent body fat; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; PKTQ, peak torque; PKTQ/BM, peak torque/body mass; PK, peak; PK/BM, peak/body mass; TUG, timed up-and-go test; 6MWD, 6-minute walk distance; NS, not significant; NW, nordic walking.