Gut Microbiota and Aging: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

Figures & data

Figure 1 Symbiotic ecosystem. Healthy and stable gut microbiota and host constitute a harmonious symbiotic ecosystem.

Figure 2 Variation trend of the gut dominant population at different ages. With the increase of age, the dominant microbial population will undergo succession.

Table 1 The Relationship Between TCM Components and Decoction, Gut Microbiota/Bacteria Affected, and Potential Diseases

TCM herbal Ingredients/Decoction	Microbiota Affected	Metabolites Produced	Bacteria Affected	Potential Diseases	References
Berberine	Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides, Anaerofilum, Sutterella, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, Blautia, Allobaculum, Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio↑; Escherichia coli, Roseburia, Blautia, Clostridium↓	SCFA, LPS, BA	Neissenria gonorhoea	Abnormal lipid metabolism, Insulin resistance	[37,96,98,99]
Rhein/Anthraquinone-glycoside preparation from rhubarb	Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Akkermansia↑; Desulfovibrio↓	SCFA, LPS,	Neissenria gonorhoea, Streptococcus mutans, SARS-novel Coronavirus-2	Antidiabetic effects	[37,95,106,107]
Ganoderma lucidum	Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Parabacteroides, Clostridium↑; Escherichia fergusonii, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, Alistipes, Oscillibacter↓	SCFA, LPS	ND	Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes mellitus	[108,109]
Ephedra sinica	Blautia, Roseburia, Clostridium, Akkermansia↑	SCFA, LPS	Neissenria gonorhoea, Streptococcus mutans, SARS-novel Coronavirus-2	ND	[94,95]
Sophora flavescens	Roseburia, Coprococcus↑; Blautia, Parabacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia↓	SCFA, LPS, BA	Neissenria gonorhoea	ND	[37,97]
Xiexin decoction	Alloprevotella, Barnesiella, Papillibacter, UCG-001, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group↑; Adlercreutzia, Blautia↓	SCFA	ND	Type 2 diabetes	[100,101]
Huanglianjiedu decoction	Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Blautia↑;	SCFA, BA	ND	Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance	[102]
Daesiho-tang decoction	Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus↑; Firmicutes↓	ND	ND	Obesity	[103]
Gegenqinlian decoction	Faecalibacterium prausnitzi↑	ND	ND	Type 2 diabetes	[104]
Qushihuayu decoction	Parabacteroides↑, Odoribacter, Rikenella, Tyzzerella, Intestinibacter, Romboutsia, Lachnospiraceae↓	ND	ND	NAFLD	[105]

Abbreviation: ND, Not Clearly Defined.

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