Figures & data
Note: IRa refers to the inhibitory ratio of the measured compounds at a concentration of 20 μM.
Abbreviations: IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; IR, inhibitory ratio; Me, methyl; OMe, methoxy.
Abbreviations: IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; IR, inhibitory ratio; Me, methyl; OMe, methoxy.
Abbreviations: IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; KD, kinase domain; RU, response units; SPR, surface plasmon resonance.
Notes: (A) Backbone RMSDs are shown as a function of time for IKKβ/D6 in 60 ns MD simulation. (B) Per-residue value of the top ten contributions to the binding effective energy of D6. Per-residue contributions were calculated by the MM-GBSA decomposition method. (C) Last snapshot of IKKβ/D6 in 60 ns MD simulation.
Abbreviations: IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; MD, molecular dynamics; MM-GBSA, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area; RMSD, root-mean-square deviation.
Abbreviations: IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; MD, molecular dynamics; MM-GBSA, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area; RMSD, root-mean-square deviation.
Notes: (A) PANC-1 cells were incubated with the compounds D6 (1, 2.5, and 5 μM), EF31 (5 μM), or DMSO. After stimulation with TNF-α (1 ng/mL) for 30 min, the protein levels of pIKKβ and IκB were detected by Western blotting with the corresponding total IKKβ protein or GAPDH as loading control. (B and C) The columns show the normalized optical density as a percentage of the control. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of three to four independent experiments. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; “ns” means no significance.
Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; pIKKβ, phosphorylated IKKβ; SEM, standard error of the mean; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IKKβ, inhibitory kappa B kinase β; pIKKβ, phosphorylated IKKβ; SEM, standard error of the mean; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Notes: (A) Hoechst staining was performed in PANC-1 cells cultured with (a) DMSO, (b and c) D6 (2.5 and 5 μM) or (d) EF31 (5 μM) for 12 h (200×). (B) Effects of D6 on the activation of PARP and inhibition of Bcl-2 in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. (C–F) The quantitative analysis of cleaved PARP and Bcl-2 band was performed using ImageJ image processing program. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; “ns” means no significance.
Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; SD, standard deviation.
Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; SD, standard deviation.