Preparation and characterization of an iron oxide-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for potential bone cancer therapy

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles in powder form. (B) Fourier transform infrared spectra of HAp, Fe₃O₄, and Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles. (C) Diffuse reflectance spectra of magnetite and the composite. (D) Scanning electron micrograph of Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 2 Flow chart showing the MTT assay procedure.

Table 1 Fourier transform infrared spectral assignments of pure Fe₃O₄, HAp, and Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles

S No	Wave number (cm^−1)			Spectral assignments
	Fe3O4	HAp	Fe3O4-HAp
1	–	3,639	3,639	OH^− group, CaO
2	–	3,561	3,570	Stretching mode of OH^− group
3	3,420	–	3,420	H2O, OH^− group
4	–	2,080	–	Phosphate group (PO4^3−)/absorbed CO3^2−
5	–	2,003	–	Phosphate group (PO4^3−)/absorbed CO3^2−
6	–	–	1,638	O-H in-plane bending
7	1,625	–	–	(H-O-H) adsorbed water
8	–	1,473	1,473	CO3^2−
9	1,383	–	–	N-O nitro compounds
10	1,151	–	–	C-O
11	–	–	1,091	Phosphate group (PO4^3−)
12	1,062	–	–	C-O
13	–	1,046	1,046	Phosphate group (PO4^3−)
14	–	–	960	Phosphate group (PO4^3−)
15	891	–	–	C-H
16	–	–	875	C-H
17	797	–	–	C-H
18	–	–	629	C-Cl
19	–	–	601	O-P-O bending
20	588	–	–	Fe-O-Fe bond (Fe ions in tetrahedral and octahedral site)
21	–	566	566	O-P-O bending

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 3 Weight loss from the Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite; NPs, nanoparticles.

Figure 4 DSC analysis of Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite; NPs, nanoparticles.

Table 2 Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles

Sample	Coercivity (G)	Saturation magnetization (emu/g)	Remanent magnetization (G)
Fe3O4 nanoparticle	4.1747	20.639	0
Fe3O4 -HAp nanocomposite	5.1233	7.34	0

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 5 Magnetic hysteresis loops of pure Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite; NPs, nanoparticles; M_s, saturation magnetization.

Figure 6 Cytotoxicity test for pure Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄-HAp nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄, iron oxide; HAp, hydroxyapatite.