Factors Associated with the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Patients with Follow-Up in the Hypertension Control Program in the Years 2015–2017

Characteristics	2015	2016	2017
Biological
Age	69.79 ± 9.03	70.45 ± 9.27	71.51± 9.18
Sex Male	36.3%
Sex Female	63.7%
BMI mean	27.77 ± 4.14	27.78 ± 4.39	27.33 ± 4.50
Clinicals
Hemoglobin Female	12.37 ± 1.10	12.15 ± 1.10	12.85 ± 0.24
Hemoglobin Male	13.61 ± 1.21	13.19 ± 1.24	13.43± 1.25
Obesity	25.3%	23.5%	22.0%
Creatinine (mg)	0.77 ± 0.20	0.84% ± 0.37	0.88% ± 0.29
Controlled hypertension	51.0%	53.8%	65.1%
Controlled Diabetes	50.3%	50.0%	52.3%
Nephroprotection	90.8%	92.7%	94.9%
ACE inhibitors
Captopril (25mg)	2%	2%	1%
Enalapril (10, 20 mg)	26%	23%	21%
ARBs
Ibersartan (150mg)	1%	2%	2%
Losartan (50mg)	53%	56%	58%
Valsartan (80 mg)	8%	11%	13%
No Nephroprotection	9%	7%	5%

Table 2 Biological Factors According to the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients. Period 2015–2017

Biological Factors	Development of CKD				Total	%
	YES	%	NO	%
Sex
Male	74	16.3	91	20.0	165	36.3
Female	131	28.8	159	34.9	290	6.7
Age
60 to more	186	40.9	221	48.6	407	89.5
< 60 years	19	4.2	29	6.4	48	10.5
Total	205	45.1	250	55.0	455	100.0

Notes: Medical records.

Table 3 Clinical Factors According to Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients. Period 2015–2017

Clinical factors	YEARS	CKD YES (%)	NO (%)	Sig. (MC Nemar)
Anemia	2015	32.3	67.7	0.93
	2017	31.9	68.1
Obesity	2015	25.3	74.7	0.025
	2017	22.0	78.0
Nephroprotection	2015	90.8	9.2	0.001
	2017	94.9	5.1
Controlled arterial pressure	2015	51.0	49.0	0.00
	2017	65.1	3.9
Controlled diabetes mellitus	2015	50.3	49.7	0.902
	2017	52.3	47.7

Note: Medical records. MC Nemar test was used considering the differences between 2015 and 2017.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Model for the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients According to Factors and Year. Period 2015–2017

Variable (Indicator 1 versus Indicator 2)	Estimator	P	OR	Confidence Interval at 95%
				Inferior	Superior
2015
Constant	−1.19	0.17	0.30	0.06	1.64
Sex: Male – Female	0.52	0.04	1.68	1.03	2.76
Age: 60 and over – Younger than 60	0.73	0.08	2.07	0.91	4.71
Anemia: Yes – No	0.54	0.04	1.71	1.03	2.85
Obesity: Yes – No	0.25	0.39	1.29	0.73	2.28
Nephroprotection: Yes – No	−0.94	0.02	0.39	0.18	0.88
Controlled hypertension: Yes -No	−0.24	0.34	0.79	0.48	1.28
Diabetes + AHT – AHT	0.37	0.56	1.45	0.42	5.02
Others – AHT	−0.68	0.57	0.51	0.05	5.20
Diabetes:
Controlled – Not Controlled	−1.70	<.001	0.18	0.07	0.47
No Diabetes – Not Controlled	−0.42	0.53	0.66	0.18	2.41
2016
Constant	−3.19	<.001	0.04	0.01	0.20
Sex: Male – Female	0.08	0.71	1.08	0.71	1.66
Age: 60 and over – Younger than 60	1.85	<.001	6.38	2.65	15.37
Anemia: Yes – No	0.39	0.06	1.47	0.99	2.20
Obesity: Yes – No	0.02	0.93	1.02	0.63	1.67
Nephroprotection: Yes – No	0.08	0.85	1.08	0.47	2.51
Controlled arterial hypertension: Yes -No	−0.18	0.38	0.84	0.56	1.25
Diabetes + AHT - AHT	1.09	0.03	2.99	1.15	7.78
others – AHT	0.42	0.75	1.55	0.11	21.94
Diabetes:
Controlled – Not Controlled	−0.64	0.07	0.53	0.26	1.06
No Diabetes – Not Controlled	0.74	0.14	2.10	0.79	5.55
2017
Constant	−0.84	0.16	0.43	0,13	1.38
Sex: Male – Female	−0.05	0.81	0.95	0.64	1.41
Age: 60 and over – Younger than 60	0.33	0.29	1.40	0,75	2.60
Anemia: Yes – No	−0.25	0.23	0.78	0,52	1.17
Obesity: Yes – No	−0.21	0.37	0,81	0,51	1.29
Nephroprotection: Yes – No	−0.15	0.47	0.86	0,58	1.29
Controlled hypertension: Yes – No	−0.33	0.46	0.72	0,29	1.75
Diabetes + AHT – AHT	0.49	0.31	1.63	0,64	4.13
Others – AHT	−0.23	0.86	0.80	0,07	9.56
Diabetes:
Controlled – Not Controlled	0.32	0.34	1.38	0,71	2.66
No Diabetes – Not Controlled	0.50	0.32	1,65	0.62	4.37

Note: Medical records. 81.5% accuracy for 2015 and 64.8% accuracy for 2016.

Figure 1 Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with arterial hypertension.

Figure 2 Classification of chronic kidney disease according to stage in patients with arterial hypertension.