Potential role of tenofovir vaginal gel for reduction of risk of herpes simplex virus in females

Figures & data

Figure 1 Herpes simplex virus type 2 prevention with tenofovir 1% vaginal gel in the CAPRISA-004 trial. number of sexual partners, and parity gave a similar efficacy estimate of 47% (33%–83%).

Figure 2 Chemical structure of tenofovir showing similarities to other anti-DNA virus compounds.

Table 1 Tenofovir and tenofovir diphosphate C_24h concentrations achieved in pharmacokinetic studies of oral TDF and tenofovir 1% vaginal gel

Analyte	Tissue	Oral TDF 300	Ref	Tenofovir 1% vaginal gela	Reference
TFV	Blood plasma	41 (34–47) ng/mL	^Citation32	0.3 (0.3,0.5) ng/mL	^Citation35
	CVF	69 (57–586) ng/mL	^Citation32	100000 ng/mL	^Citation35
		68.4 (28.2–112.6) ng/mLb	^Citation33
		84.03 (95% CI 24.47–288.56) ng/mLb	^Citation34
	Vaginal tissue	6.8 ng/g	^Citation32	7000 ng/g	^Citation35
	Cervical tissue	50 ng/g	^Citation32
	Rectal tissue	1877 ng/g	^Citation32
TFV-DP	Vaginal tissue	1645 fmol/g	^Citation32
	Cervical tissue	BLQ	^Citation32
	Endocervical cells			80,000 ng/mL	^Citation35
	Rectal tissue	206950 fmol/g	^Citation32

Notes: All data are median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.

a Data shown are for single dose gel applications;

b these results were obtained in HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy; all other data are from healthy volunteers.

Abbreviations: BLQ, below the limit of quantification; CVF, cervicovaginal fluid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TFV-DP, tenofovir diphosphate.

KashubaADAbdool KarimSSKraftEDo systemic and genital tract tenofovir concentrations predict HIV seroconversion in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel trialAbstract TUSS0503 presented at the XVIII International AIDS ConferenceJuly 18–23, 2010Vienna, Austria

 Google Scholar

KwaraADelongARezkNAntiretroviral drug concentrations and HIV RNA in the genital tract of HIV-infected women receiving long-term highly active antiretroviral therapyClin Infect Dis20084671972518220480

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PattersonKBPrinceHAKraftEPenetration of tenofovir and emtricitabine in mucosal tissues: implications for prevention of HIV-1 transmissionSci Transl Med20113112114

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DumondJBYehRFPattersonKBAntiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract: implications for oral pre- and post-exposure prophylaxisAIDS2007211899190717721097

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar