Factors Associated with Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage in Elderly Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Deliveries

Figures & data

Table 1 Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Elderly Parturient Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Delivery

Variable		Postpartum Hemorrhage Group (n=116)	Non-Postpartum Hemorrhage Group (n=1599)	RR (95% CI)	Adjusted P value
Maternal age (years)		38.41±6.78	37.11±5.48	–	0.012
BMI of maternal (kg/m^2)		27.56±1.28	27.26±1.45	–	0.305
Number of pregnancies	1	19 (16.38%)	512(32.02%)	–	0.007
	2	45 (38.79%)	590 (36.89%)
	≥3	52 (44.83%)	497 (31.08%)
Number of cesarean delivery	1	88 (75.86%)	1452 (90.81%)	–	<0.001
	2	16 (13.80)	130 (8.13%)
	≥3	12 (10.34%)	17 (1.06%)
Number of miscarriages	0	33 (28.45%)	523 (32.72%)	–	0.427
	1	51 (43.96%)	685 (42.83%)
	2	23 (19.84%)	289 (18.07%)
	≥3	9 (7.75%)	102 (6.38)
The number of induced labor	0	101 (87.06%)	1447 (90.49%)	–	0.217
	1	10 (8.62%)	146 (9.13%)
	≥2	5 (4.31%)	6 (3.75%)
Fetal position	Head position	78 (67.24%)	1439 (89.99%)	–	<0.001
	Breech position	18 (15.52%)	96 (6.01%)
	Horizontal position	20 (17.24%)	64 (4.00%)
Gestational weeks of delivery		37.12±0.46	37.42±0.31	–	0.629
Fetal macrosomia	Yes	11 (9.48%)	88 (5.50%)	1.78[0.924,3.437]	0.024
	No	106 (90.52%)	1511 (94.50%)
Number of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy	0	80 (68.95%)	1198 (74.92%)	–	0.175
	1	32 (27.59%)	179 (11.13%)
	2	18 (15.51%)	159 (9.89%)
	≥3	4 (3.45%)	64 (4.01%)
Placenta attachment position	Posterior uterine wall	21 (18.10%)	662 (41.41%)	0.31[0.193,0.507]	<0.001
	Other location	95 (81.89%)	937 (58.59%)
Placenta previa	Non-placental placenta	28 (24.14%)	1232 (77.05%)	–	<0.001
	Incomplete placenta previa	15 (12.93%)	68 (4.25%)
	Complete placenta previa	73 (62.93%)	300(18.76%)
Placenta implantation	No	54 (46.55%)	1311 (81.99%)	0.19[0.13,0.28]	<0.001
	Yes	62 (53.44%)	288 (18.01%)
Hypertension during pregnancy	No	99 (85.34%)	1415 (88.49%)	0.75[0.442,1.296]	0.418
	Yes	17 (14.66%)	184 (11.51%)
Gestational diabetes	No	86 (74.14%)	1274 (77.98%)	0.73[0.474,1.128]	0.807
	Yes	30 (25.86)	325 (20.32%)

Table 2 Multiple Logistic Regression Model Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Elderly Parturient Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Delivery

Risk Factors	Adjusted OR Value	95% CI	P value
Maternal age (years)	1.634	0.869–2.011	0.324
Number of pregnancies	2.342	1.251–4.231	0.127
Number of cesarean delivery	3.312	2.249–5.912	0.013
Fetal position	5.022	3.87–13.543	<0.001
Fetal macrosomia	1.864	1.005–4.275	0.081
Placenta attachment position	4.011	2.25–8.27	0.009
Placenta previa	9.702	5.874–21.01	<0.001
Placenta implantation	6.244	3.54–10.81	<0.001

Table 3 Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Elderly Parturient Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Delivery in Fetal Position

Risk Factors	OR Value	95% CI	P value
Head position	–	–	–
Breech position	5.381	3.752–11.237	0.005
Horizontal position	10.792	5.872–23.491	<0.001

Table 4 Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Elderly Parturient Women Undergoing Repeated Cesarean Delivery in Placenta Previa

Risk Factors	OR Value	95% CI	P value
Non-placental placenta	–	–	–
Incomplete placenta previa	9.842	6.014–22.274	<0.001
Complete placenta previa	15.613	8.751–30.405	<0.001