Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Type 1, 2 Diabetes and Thyroid Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Whole Cohort

Baseline Characteristics (N= 253)
Mean age (years)	39.1±7.3
Weight (kg)	75.9±16.6
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^Citation2)	31.75±15.2
High school or less (%)	34.4
Master’s degree or higher (%)	34.0
High income (%)	11.9
Low income (%)	21.3
Active smoker (%)	2.4
Former smoker (%)	1.2
Mean ASEX score (points)	14.6±5.3
Comorbidities and complications
Type II diabetes (%)	24.7
Type I diabetes (%)	11.8
Hypothyroidism (%)	58.5
Hyperthyroidism (%)	9.9
Retinopathy (%)	7.1
Neuropathy (%)	5.5
Retinopathy and Neuropathy (%)	2.4
Cardiac disease (%)	0.4
Stroke (%)	0.8
Medications
Statin (%)	15.8
Cholecalciferol (%)	22.4
Carbimazole (%)	4.7
Thyroxine (%)	52.2
Management of Diabetes
Oral hypoglycemic agents only (%)	18.4
Insulin only (%)	9.8
Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin (%)	7.5
Laboratory data
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	7.8±4.1
HbA1c (%)	7.1±1.9
TSH (mIU/L)	1.6±2.5
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.3±2.5
LDL (mmol/L)	2.0±1.6
HDL (mmol/L)	0.8±0.6
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.9±0.9
Serum creatinine (mmol/L)	49.4±28.9
Urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio(mg/mmol)	38.9±78.7
Lifestyle habits
Sedentary lifestyle (%)	14.6
Exercise < 150 min/week	18.5
Exercise 150–300 min/week	53.1
Exercise >300 min/week	13.8

Table 2 Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) Response

How strong is your sex drive
Extremely strong (%)	5.1
Very strong (%)	11.9
Somewhat strong (%)	40.7
Somewhat weak (%)	26.5
Very weak (%)	6.7
No sex drive (%)	9.1
How are you sexually aroused
Extremely easy (%)	9.9
Very easy (%)	18.2
Somewhat easy (%)	41.5
Somewhat difficult (%)	19.0
Very difficult (%)	4.7
Never aroused (%)	6.7
How easily does your vagina become moist or wet during sex
Extremely easy (%)	10.3
Very easy (%)	17.9
Somewhat easy (%)	38.5
Somewhat difficult (%)	22.6
Very difficult (%)	4.8
Never (%)	6.0
How easily can you reach anorgasm
Extremely easily (%)	10.7
Very easily (%)	19.0
Somewhat easily (%)	38.0
Somewhat difficult (%)	20.5
Very difficult (%)	4.9
Never reach (%)	6.8
Are your orgasms satisfying
Extremely satisfying (%)	22.0
Very satisfying (%)	20.0
Somewhat satisfying (%)	24.7
Somewhat unsatisfying (%)	12.2
Very unsatisfying (%)	4.7
Cannot reach orgasm (%)	5.1

Notes: Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) items reproduced from: McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA et al. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26(1):25–40. doi: 10.1080/009262300278623.³⁷ Copyright © 1997 by Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona. All rights reserved. With permission of the University of Arizona.

Table 3 Baseline Characteristics Based on the ASEX Score

Baseline Characteristic	No Female Sexual Dysfunction	Female Sexual Dysfunction	P value
Number of participants (%)	67.5	32.5	n/a
Mean age (years)	39.2±7.4	39.2±7.2	0.996
Weight (kg)	76.5±16.6	75.0±16.8	0.497
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^Citation2)	32.4±17.6	30.5±8.5	0.375
High school or less (%)	38.8	25.6	0.117
Master’s degree or higher (%)	31.8	37.8
High income (%)	13.5	8.5	0.219
Low income (%)	22.9	17.1
Active smoker (%)	3.5	0.0	0.231
Former smoker (%)	1.2	1.2
Mean ASEX score (points)	11.9±3.0	20.2±4.4	<0.001
Comorbidities and complications
Type II diabetes (%)	24.1	26.8	0.879
Type I diabetes (%)	11.8	12.2
Hypothyroidism (%)	57.6	61.0	0.625
Hyperthyroidism (%)	11.2	7.3
Retinopathy (%)	4.7	12.2	0.049
Neuropathy (%)	5.3	6.1
Retinopathy and Neuropathy (%)	1.8	3.7
Cardiac disease (%)	0.6	0.0
Stroke (%)	0.0	2.4
Medications
Statin (%)	15.8	15.8	0.739
Cholecalciferol (%)	20.0	28.0	0.222
Carbimazole (%)	6.5	1.2	0.396
Thyroxine (%)	52.9	52.4
Management modalities
Oral hypoglycemic agents only (%)	16.5	23.2	0.211
Insulin only (%)	8.2	13.4
Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin (%)	8.8	4.9
Laboratory data
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	7.4+4.1	8.8+4.0	0.161
HbA1c (%)	7.1+1.9	7.3+2.1	0.731
TSH (mIU/L)	1.5+2.5	1.7+2.4	0.561
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.4+2.4	3.0+2.6	0.368
LDL (mmol/L)	2.1+1.6	1.8+1.7	0.339
HDL (mmol/L)	0.8+0.6	0.7+0.6	0.328
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.9+0.8	0.9+1.0	0.883
Serum creatinine (mmol/L)	49.3+27.2	49.6+32.3	0.962
Urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)	30.0+56.3	53.9+107.2	0.343
Lifestyle habits
Sedentary lifestyle (%)	15.5	12.1	0.929
Exercise < 150 min/week	18.6	18.2
Exercise 150–300 min/week	51.5	57.6
Exercise >300 min/week	14.4	12.1

Figure 1 Total mean ASEX score according to the comorbidities.

Chen C, Lin Y, Chiu L, et al. Female sexual dysfunction: definition, classification, and debates. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;52(1):3–7. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2013.01.002

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McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, et al. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26(1):25–40. doi:10.1080/009262300278623

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