Figures & data
Figure 1 Mechanisms of MSC homing toward damaged tissue.
Abbreviations: MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; VLA-4, very late antigen-4; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; FN, fibronectin; HA, hyaluronic acid; JAM, junction adhesion molecule; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor 1; ECM, extracellular matrix.
Figure 2 Immunomodulatory action of activated MSCs.
Notes: Red arrow: stimulation; black arrow: suppression; blunt-ended arrow: direct inhibition.
Abbreviations: iDC, immature dendritic cell; IL, interleukin; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; PGE-2, prostaglandin E2; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; NO, nitric oxide; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cell; Treg, T regulatory; Th, T helper; CTL, cytotoxic T cell; mDC, mature dendritic cell; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; NK, NK cell.
