Scientific Knowledge Graph of Acupuncture for Migraine: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Line Chart of Yearly Output on acupuncture for Migraine. The abscissa in the figure represents the year and the ordinate represents the total number of publications.

Table 1 Countries/ Territories Contributed to Publications on Acupuncture for Migraine from 2000 to 2019

Countries/ Territories	Frequency	Countries/ Territories	Centrality
USA	119	Canada	0.86
Peoples R China	103	England	0.82
Germany	90	Denmark	0.36
England	41	Switzerland	0.26
Italy	32	Spain	0.26
Switzerland	25	USA	0.13
Brazil	16	Peoples R China	0.13
Canada	15	Scotland	0.13
Australia	14	Germany	0.00
Taiwan (China)	14	Italy	0.00
Spain	11	Brazil	0.00
South Korea	10	Australia	0.00
Turkey	8	Taiwan (China)	0.00
Denmark	8	South Korea	0.00
Sweden	6	Turkey	0.00

Note: In this table, the other two identical columns represent different rankings. The left column of the table represents the Countries/ Territories that have published acupuncture for migraine. The frequency of contribution is sorted from high to low. The column on the right represents the sorting from high to low according to centrality.

Table 2 Institutions Contributed to Publications on Acupuncture for Migraine from 2000 to 2019

Institution	Frequency	Institution	Centrality
Tech Univ Munich	28	Sichuan Univ	0.54
Beijing Univ Chinese Med	24	Univ York	0.49
Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med	23	Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med	0.44
Capital Med Univ	19	Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med	0.36
Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr	15	Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr	0.34
Univ Turin	12	Peking Univ	0.32
China Acad Chinese Med Sci	12	Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med	0.31
Univ York	11	Aalborg Univ	0.19
Sichuan Univ	11	Hunan Univ Chinese Med	0.17
Univ Maryland	11	Univ Maryland	0.15
Harvard Univ	10	Univ Oxford	0.15
Univ N Carolina	10	Univ Ottawa	0.15
Ruhr Univ Bochum	10	Oregon Coll Oriental Med	0.15
Xidian Univ	8	China Acad Chinese Med Sci	0.12
Charite	8	Massachusetts Gen Hosp	0.12

Note: In this table, the other two identical columns represent different rankings. The left column of the table represents the institutions that have published acupuncture for migraines. The frequency of contribution is sorted from high to low. The column on the right represents the sorting from high to low according to centrality.

Abbreviations: Tech Univ Munich, Technical University of Munich; Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Med Univ, Capital medical university; Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Univ Turin, University of Turin; China Acad Chinese Med Sci,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Univ York, University of York; Sichuan Univ, Sichuan University; Univ Maryland, University of Maryland; Harvard Univ, Harvard University; Univ N Carolina, University of North Carolina; Ruhr Univ Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum; Xidian Univ, Xidian University; Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Peking Univ, Peking University; Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Aalborg Univ, Aalborg University; Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Univ Oxford, University of Oxford; Univ Ottawa, University of Ottawa; Oregon Coll Oriental Med,Oregon College of Oriental Medicine; Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Figure 2 Network of countries/territories on acupuncture for Migraine. The purple node in the middle of the annual ring means the influence and the significance of a country/territory. The larger the node and the more purple it exhibits, the greater is the importance of the country/territory.

Table 3 Institutions Engaged in Acupuncture for Migraine That Details of Knowledge Clusters

Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Mean (Year)	Label (LLR)	Label (MI)
0	14	0.954	2007	Migraine prophylaxis	Placebo effect
1	13	0.865	2015	Chronic pain	Placebo effect
2	12	0.954	2012	Controlled trial	Placebo effect
3	11	0.848	2012	Pet-ct study	Placebo effect
4	10	0.936	2012	Altered periaqueductal gray resting state	Clinical trial
7	7	0.976	2012	Herbal formula granule	Clinical trial
8	6	0.919	2004	Chronic headache	Clinical trial
9	6	0.979	2005	Chinese diagnose	Clinical trial
10	5	0.920	2009	Clinical trial	Placebo effect
11	4	0.983	2018	Economic analysis	Clinical trial

Note: The cluster analysis results mainly include cluster ID, mean year, size, silhouette, label (LLR), and label (MI). Cluster ID is the number after clustering, and Size represents the number of members contained in the cluster. The larger the Size is, the smaller the number. Mean Year represents the average year of the literature in the cluster, which can be used to judge the distance of the cited literature in the cluster. The larger the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is, the more representative the cluster category; mutual information (MI) is mainly used to represent the relationship between terms and categories in text mining, and it does not consider the frequency of feature words.

Figure 3 (A) Cluster map of institutions based on label clusters with title terms. The combination of symbols and numbers delegates the institutions’ study of similar categories. (B) Timeline zone of institutions on acupuncture for Migraine The purple node in the middle of the annual ring means the influence and the significance of the institution. Institutions with the homologous research category are on the same time horizon.

Table 4 Authors Contributed to Publications on Acupuncture for Migraine from 2000 to 2019

No.	Author	Frequency	Author	Centrality
1	Linde K	28	Witt CM	0.27
2	Liang FR	24	Huang WJ	0.23
3	Li Y	18	Willich SN	0.19
4	Zheng H	15	Sun GJ	0.17
5	Allais G	15	Lan L	0.12
6	Diener HC	15	Allais G	0.11
7	Witt CM	14	Melchart D	0.11
8	Melchart D	14	Brinkhaus B	0.11
9	Wang LP	11	Li Y	0.08
10	Weidenhammer W	11	Vickers AJ	0.07
11	Brinkhaus B	11	Zhao L	0.07
12	MacPherson H	10	MacPherson H	0.06
13	Willich SN	9	Zhang FW	0.06
14	Liu CZ	9	Hammes M	0.05
15	Vickers AJ	9	Liu JX	0.04

Note: In this table, the other two identical columns represent different rankings. The left column of the table represents the authors that have published acupuncture for migraine. The frequency of contribution is sorted from high to low. The column on the right represents the sorting from high to low according to centrality.

Table 5 Authors Engaged in Acupuncture for Migraine That Details of Knowledge Clusters

Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Mean (Year)	Label (LLR)	Label (MI)
1	18	0.876	2009	Randomized controlled trial	Economic analysis
2	17	0.974	2014	Modulation effect	Economic analysis
3	17	0.883	2004	Tension-type headache	Economic analysis
4	16	0.958	2009	Consort statement	Economic analysis
5	14	0.995	2005	Non-pharmacological approach	Economic analysis
7	9	0.921	2014	White matter network	Economic analysis
11	6	0.928	2003	Chronic headache	Clinical trial

Note: The cluster analysis results mainly include cluster ID, mean year, size, silhouette, label (LLR), and label (MI). Cluster ID is the number after clustering, and Size represents the number of members contained in the cluster. The larger the Size is, the smaller the number. Mean Year represents the average year of the literature in the cluster, which can be used to judge the distance of the cited literature in the cluster. The larger the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is, the more representative the cluster category; mutual information (MI) is mainly used to represent the relationship between terms and categories in text mining, and it does not consider the frequency of feature words.

Figure 4 (A) Cluster map of authors based on label clusters with title terms. The combination of symbols and numbers delegates the authors’ study of similar categories. (B) Timeline zone of authors on acupuncture for Migraine.

Table 6 Cited Reference Contributed to Co-Citations on Acupuncture for Migraine from 2000 to 2019

No.	Cited Reference	Frequency	Cited Reference	Centrality
1	Linde K (2005)^Citation32	104	Karst M (2001)^Citation45	0.80
2	Diener HC (2006)^Citation33	95	Carlsson C (2002)^Citation46	0.71
3	Linde K (2009)^Citation34	53	Xue CCL (2004)^Citation47	0.71
4	Li Y (2012)^Citation28	45	Coeytaux RR (2005)^Citation48	0.68
5	Melchart D (2005)^Citation35	41	Manias P (2000)^Citation49	0.61
6	Silberstein SD (2004)^Citation36	40	Wallasch TM (2012)^Citation50	0.58
7	Wang LP (2011)^Citation37	38	Alecrim-andrade J (2008)^Citation51	0.50
8	Witt C (2005)^Citation38	34	Endres HG (2007)^Citation52	0.49
9	Vickers AJ (2012)^Citation39	34	Yang CP (2011)^Citation53	0.42
10	Scharf HP (2006)^Citation40	33	Ramsay DJ (1998)^Citation54	0.38
11	Bes A (2013)^Citation41	31	Wang LP (2011)^Citation37	0.30
12	Vickers AJ (2004)^Citation31	31	Linde K (2006)^Citation55	0.29
13	Brinkhaus B (2006)^Citation42	28	Kaptchuk TJ (2006)^Citation56	0.26
14	Allais G (2002)^Citation43	28	Melchart D (1999)^Citation44	0.24
15	Melchart D (1999)^Citation44	27	Streng A (2006)^Citation57	0.22

Note: In this table, the other two identical columns represent different rankings. The left column of the table represents the Cited References that have published acupuncture for migraine. The frequency of contribution is sorted from high to low. The column on the right represents the sorting from high to low according to centrality.

Table 7 Cited Reference Concerned with Acupuncture for Migraine That Details of Knowledge Clusters

Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Mean (Year)	Label (LLR)	Label (MI)
0	27	0.939	2011	Episodic migraine	Prospective observational study
1	24	0.916	2005	Placebo effect	Prospective observational study
2	23	0.895	2007	Chronic pain	Prospective observational study
3	21	0.967	1999	Recurrent headache	Prospective observational study
4	21	0.951	2008	Chronic migraine prophylaxis	Prospective observational study
5	20	0.991	2000	Economic analysis	Prospective observational study
6	18	0.864	1998	Consensus recommendation	Prospective observational study
7	17	0.973	2013	Right frontoparietal network	Prospective observational study
8	14	0.921	1999	Chronic tension-type headache	Prospective observational study
9	14	0.893	1998	Pediatric pain patients experience	Chronic pain
11	9	0.971	2006	Consort statement	Prospective observational study
12	4	0.944	1996	Clinical detail	Chronic pain

Note: The cluster analysis results mainly include cluster ID, mean year, size, silhouette, label (LLR), and label (MI). Cluster ID is the number after clustering, and Size represents the number of members contained in the cluster. The larger the Size is, the smaller the number. Mean Year represents the average year of the literature in the cluster, which can be used to judge the distance of the cited literature in the cluster. The larger the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is, the more representative the cluster category; mutual information (MI) is mainly used to represent the relationship between terms and categories in text mining, and it does not consider the frequency of feature words.

Figure 5 (A) Cluster map of Cited Reference based on label clusters with title terms. The combination of symbols and numbers delegates the Cited References’ study of similar categories. (B) Timeline zone of Cited Reference on acupuncture for Migraine.

Table 8 Keyword Contributed to Publications on Acupuncture for Migraine from 2000 to 2019

No.	Keyword	Frequency	Keyword	Centrality
1	Migraine	234	Needle acupuncture	0.99
2	Acupuncture	228	Tension type headache	0.98
3	Headache	103	Aura	0.84
4	Pain	81	Prophylactic treatment	0.71
5	Randomized controlled trial	78	Quality of life	0.57
6	Efficacy	75	Therapy	0.54
7	Prophylaxi	67	Disability	0.53
8	Placebo	65	Placebo	0.50
9	Tension type headache	62	Double blind	0.39
10	Double blind	60	Complementary medicine	0.38
11	Low back pain	46	Electrical nerve stimulation	0.30
12	Prevalence	44	Low back pain	0.26
13	Multicenter	41	Primary care	0.25
14	Clinical trial	39	Impact	0.22
15	Electroacupuncture	31	Electroacupuncture	0.21
16	Trial	31	Prevention	0.21
17	Osteoarthriti	30	Topiramate	0.21
18	Management	25	Reliability	0.20
19	Migraine prophylaxi	24	Onabotulinumtoxina	0.18
20	Knee	24	Migraine	0.17

Note: In this table, the other two identical columns represent different rankings. The left column of the table represents keywords that have published acupuncture for migraine. The frequency of contribution is sorted from high to low. The column on the right represents the sorting from high to low according to centrality.

Table 9 Keyword Related to Acupuncture for Migraine That Details of Knowledge Clusters

Cluster ID	Size	Silhouette	Mean (Year)	Label (LLR)	Label (MI)
0	17	0.972	2005	Topiramate treatment	Chronic daily headache
1	13	0.876	2005	Consort statement	Chronic daily headache
2	13	0.964	2004	Sham acupuncture intervention	Chronic daily headache
3	12	0.893	2007	Further research	Chronic daily headache
4	12	0.718	2005	Sham acupuncture intervention	Botulinum toxin type
5	12	0.870	2011	Episodic migraine	Controlled trial
6	10	0.954	2005	3-year follow-up study	Multicentre randomized controlled trial
7	10	0.646	2008	Prophylactic treatment	Controlled trial
8	8	0.797	2001	Alternative therapy	Controlled trial
9	8	0.816	2008	New era	Controlled trial

Note: The cluster analysis results mainly include Cluster ID, mean year, size, silhouette, label (LLR), and label (MI). Cluster ID is the number after clustering, and Size represents the number of members contained in the cluster. The larger the Size is, the smaller the number. Mean Year represents the average year of the literature in the cluster, which can be used to judge the distance of the cited literature in the cluster. The larger the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is, the more representative the cluster category; mutual information (MI) is mainly used to represent the relationship between terms and categories in text mining, and it does not consider the frequency of feature words.

Figure 6 (A) Cluster map of Keyword based on label clusters with title terms. The combination of symbols and numbers delegates the Keywords’ study of similar categories. (B) Timeline zone of Keyword on acupuncture for Migraine.

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