Are 24-hour motor activity patterns associated with continued rapid response to ketamine?

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline circadian markers of wrist activity in brief (R_B) vs continued (R_C) ketamine responder and nonresponder (NR) groups

	MESOR (counts)	Amplitude (counts)	Acrophase (clock time)
NR (n=30)	167.4±5.3	127.0±7.5	14:59±0:14
RB (n=10)	132.1±6.4	98.1±9.1	14:12±0:21
RC (n=11)	160.3±6.9	119.1±9.7	14:08±0:19
Group contrasts  NR vs RC  NR vs RB  RC vs RB	NS F=12.8, df 1,946; P=0.0004 F=8.87, df 1,498; P=0.003	NS F=4.29, df 1,946; P=0.039 P=0.12	F=5.1, df 1,1186; P=0.0247 F=2.29, df 1,946; P=0.13 NS

Note: Mean estimates ± SEM.

Abbreviations: MESOR, midline statistic of rhythm; NS, not significant.

Figure 1 Baseline and ketamine treatment 24-hour motor activity markers of rapid mood response.

Notes: Mean ± SEM estimated amplitude (left) and timing (phase; right) parameters for a 24-hour sinusoidal curve fit to wrist activity shown for three ketamine-treated patient cohorts: brief responders (R_B), continued responders (R_C), and nonresponders (NR). Parameter values shown for 3 days: baseline (BL), day 1 (D1) postketamine, and day 3 (D3) postketamine. Amplitude is expressed in mean activity counts/minute/hour, and timing is the clock time of estimated peak activity. Bonferroni-corrected α-criterion was set to P<0.0167. Letters above bars indicate the results comparing the amplitude and phase parameters of the NR cohort with the R_C and R_B cohorts. Numerals above bars indicate the results comparing the amplitude and timing parameters between the R_C and R_B cohorts. Group contrasts: a, b, P<0.05 (NS) and 0.005, respectively; 1, 2, P<0.05 (NS) and 0.005, respectively, vs R_C.
Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

Figure 2 Baseline (BL), day 1 (D1), and day 3 (D3) Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score.

Notes: Baseline (BL), day 1 (D1), and day 3 (D3) Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores in three patient cohorts: brief responders (R_B), continued responders (R_C), and nonresponders (NR). No differences among group scores were observed at BL. On D1, scores for the NR cohort were higher than for both the R_B and R_C cohorts, which did not differ from each other. On D3, scores for the NR and R_B cohorts were both higher than for the R_C cohort.

Table S1 Demographics of brief responder (R_B) versus continued responder (R_C) and nonresponder (NR) cohorts

	Total		Ketamine response						χ^2	df	P-value
			RC		RB		NR
	n=51		n=11		n=10		n=30
	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
Sex									0.06	2	0.97
Female	29	56.9	6	54.5	6	60	17	57
Male	22	43.1	5	45.5	4	40	13	43
Bipolar (total)	21	41.2	5	45.5	3	30	13	43.3	4.48	2	0.11
Mood stabilizers (total)	19	37.3	5	45.5	3	30	11	37	3.16	2	0.21
Lithium	14	27.5	4	36.4	3	30	7	23
Valproic acid	5	9.8	1	9.1	0	0	4	13
									F	df	P-value
Age (years)	42.6±1.6*	40.4±3.4	43.1±4.2	43.3±2.1	0.25	2	0.78
Age of onset (years)	17.7±1.2	17.7±2.1	17.1±2.2	17.9±1.8	0.04	2	0.97
MADRS baseline	33.2±0.7	32.5±1.4	33.2±1.5	33.4±1.0	0.11	2	0.89

Notes: χ² test comparing mood stabilizers was pooled.

* Mean ± SEM.

Abbreviation: MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.